1 / 61

CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

CHAPTER 8B REVIEW. MITOSIS a. 2n to 2n (diploid to diploid) b. forms cells identical to parent cell. MEIOSIS a. 2n to n (diploid to haploid) b. forms cells different from parent cell. ESSAY #1. MITOSIS c. 1 divison d. forms 2 daughter cells e. makes somatic cells. MEIOSIS

padma
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

  2. MITOSIS a. 2n to 2n (diploid to diploid) b. forms cells identical to parent cell MEIOSIS a. 2n to n (diploid to haploid) b. forms cells different from parent cell ESSAY #1

  3. MITOSIS c. 1 divison d. forms 2 daughter cells e. makes somatic cells MEIOSIS c. 2 divisions d. forms 4 daughter cells e. makes sex cells ESSAY #1 (cont.)

  4. ESSAY #2 • HOW IS A KARYOTYPE MADE? • A. Blood is separated with a centrifuge (fluid plasma on top and cells on bottom) • B. A hypotonic solution is added to break the cell membrane of the RBC

  5. C. White blood cells are used • D. Cells stopped in metaphase with colchicine • E. Arranged by size, shape, bars matching

  6. ESSAY #3 • Each of the disorders is a 5 point essay: • DOWN SYNDROME- • 1. round face • 2. small teeth • 3. flat bridge on nose • 4. mentally challenged • 5. susceptible to respiratory problems, Alzheimers • Trisomy 21 • Short stature

  7. ESSAY #3 • KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (do 5) • A. small testes • B. infertile (cannot bear children) • C. breast development • D. rounded hips • E. XXY (you may only use one of the chromosome letters) • F. poor beard growth

  8. ESSAY #3 • TURNER SYNDROME • A. small ovaries • B. infertile (cannot bear children) • C. web of skin between head and shoulders • D. poor breast development • E. XO • F. short stature

  9. 1. Somatic or Sex Cell? • Skin • Somatic • Sperm • Sex • Blood • Somatic • Egg • sex

  10. 2. Difference between… • Sex chromosomes and autosomes? • ANSWER: Sex chromosomes are X and Y (usually #23) Autosomes are rest of chromosomes, in human karyotype #1-22

  11. 3. What is the difference… • Between diploid and haploid (and symbols)? • ANSWER:Diploid is 2n with 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell • Haploid is n with one set of chromosmes in a cell

  12. #4 • What are homologous chromosomes? • ANSWER: two sister chromatids from the father and two sister chromatids from the mother with the same inherited characteristics

  13. #5 • What is the diploid and the haploid number for humans? • ANSWER: diploid – 2n = 46 • haploid – n = 23

  14. #6 Karyotypes: Which is it? • Klinefelter’s • Turner’s • Normal Male • Normal Female • Normal Female • Due to XX

  15. Which does not belong? • Skin cell • Diploid • Gamete • Somatic cell • ANSWER: gamete

  16. Which does not belong? • 2N • Haploid • Gamete • Sperm • Egg • ANSWER: 2N

  17. 6. Which is not a male? • XXY • XY • XO • XXXY • Which is the normal male? • XO is not a male and XY is the normal male

  18. 7. Which phase lasts the longest? • Prophase I • Metaphase I • Prophase II • Metaphase II • Prophase I (Think!! a lot goes on here)

  19. Meiosis or Mitosis? • Makes cells that are haploid? • Meiosis • Makes cells that are diploid? • Mitosis • Makes sex cells • meiosis

  20. What is the difference between • A gamete and a zygote? • A gamete is a sex cell (like egg and sperm) and a zygote if a fertilized egg (the joining of egg and sperm)

  21. 8. And 10.How are they related? • Tetrad and synapsis • Tetrad are 4 homologous chromosomes and synapsis is the joining of these 4 to form a tetrad

  22. 8. In what phase… • Does synapsis (joining of tetrads) form? • Prophase I • Prophase II • Metaphase I • Metaphase II • ANSWER: Prophase 1

  23. 9. Crossover • When does it occur? • During prophase I • Between which two chromosomes does it occur? • Inner two of a tetrad • What is the site where it occurs? • chiasma

  24. 11. What is a chiasma? A B C

  25. 11. CHIASMA ANSWER Point where crossing over occurs between two inner chromosomes

  26. 12.Hair color • Is a gene on a chromosome. The variations of it, such as brown, red, or black would be known as _________. • Alleles are the choices of a gene

  27. 13. + 23. How many possible combinations? • What is the formula? • 2n • What does n stand for? • Haploid number • How many combos if n = 2? • 4

  28. 13. (cont.) How many possible combinations? • How many combos if n = 3? • 8 = (2 x 2 x 2) • How many combos if n = 23? • About 8 million

  29. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it? • Klinefelter’s • Turner’s • Normal Male • Normal Female • ANSWER: Turner’s

  30. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it? • Klinefelter’s • Turner’s • Normal Male • Normal Female • ANSWER: Normal Male

  31. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it? • Klinefelter’s • Turner’s • Normal Male • Normal Female • ANSWER: Klinefelter’s

  32. Name the disorder: • XO • Turner’s syndrome • XXXY • Klinefelter’s syndrome • Trisomy 21 • Down Syndrome

  33. 15.What type of mutation? • Duplication • Insertion • Deletion • Translocation • Inversion • Duplication

  34. 15. What type of mutation? • Insertion • Deletion • Translocation • Inversion • Deletion

  35. 15. What type of mutation? • Insertion • Deletion • Translocation • Inversion • Inversion

  36. 15. What type of mutation? • Insertion • Deletion • Translocation • Inversion • Translocation

  37. Just Checking: What is this showing? • Crossing over • It occurs during what phase? • Prophase I

  38. 16. What is CML? • A cancer caused by the translocation of chromosome _________ and ________. • 9 and 22

  39. In case you wondered…CML • Also called: The Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1) • Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

  40. 17. If the testicle cell has • 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does the sperm have?100 50 25 10 • ANSWER: 25

  41. 18. What are the chances? • That a female with Down Syndrome will have a child with Down Syndrome?100% 75% 50% 25% 0% • ANSWER: 50%

  42. If the Diploid Number is… 46 18 72 Then the Hapoid Number is… 23 9 36 Give the missing info

  43. 19. Which part of Meiosis… • Is like mitosis (except it has two cells)? • Meiosis I • Meiosis II • ANSWER: Meiosis II

  44. 21. Who determines… • The sex of the offspring? Father or mother • FATHER • WHY? • If he donates an X = child is girl (XX) • If he donates a Y = child is a boy (XY) • Mother only can donate an X

  45. 22. Define: • Karyotype: • A. diagram of meiosis • B. An orderly display of magnified images of the individual chromosomes • C. chromosomes as they appear in Prophase I • ANSWER: B

  46. 23. Define… • Nondisjunction: • A. switching of parts of two chromosomes • B. inversion of two parts of a chromosome • C. members of chromosome pairs fail to separate • D. You Diss Yo Homey • ANSWER: C

  47. What are the two gametes of humans? • A. egg and sperm • B. X and Y • C. ovaries and testes • D. Klinefelter’s and Turner’s • ANSWER: A

  48. In which phase of Meiosis? • Do the tetrads form? • Prophase I • Are 4 haploid cells formed? • Telophase II

  49. Which phase of Meiosis? • Do you know? • How many cells? • Is it Meiosis I or II? • PROPHASE II

  50. Which phase of meiosis? • Where are the centrioles? • Where are the tetrads? • Metaphase I

More Related