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Progressive Reforms. What are the origins of the progressive reform? What new reforms took hold at the turn of the century? How did the muckrakers help bring about reform? What were the goals of the progressive reformers?. Progressive Reform 1890-1920.
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Progressive Reforms What are the origins of the progressive reform? What new reforms took hold at the turn of the century? How did the muckrakers help bring about reform? What were the goals of the progressive reformers?
Progressive Reform 1890-1920 What Forces Were Influencing American Life at the Turn of the Century? The Economy Expand the Role of Government (Progressive) Laissez Fair (Conservative)
How Did the Muckrakers Help Bring About Reform? • The demand for reform • The muckrakers • Ida Tarbell • Lincoln Steffens • Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair
The Progressive Congress • Foul mouth Joe. • Joe cannon speaker of the house appointed himself chairman of the house rules committee. • The rules committee set the agenda of what bill would go before the floor. • From 1903-1911 Joe blocked most progressive legislation from making it to the floor. • Joe is out a bill is introduced and passed which makes rules committee membership a vote of the entire house. • The new rules committee doesn’t include Joe.
Foul Mouth Joe Cannon – Ruled the House of Representatives with an iron fist during the early 1900’s. Joe was dedicated to preventing progressive legislation from passing.
Urban Reforms at the Turn of the Century? • The progressives vs. The machines. • Progressive candidates won city and ward elections over established political machines. • Cities take over utilities – regulation of monopolies & provide consumers with lower priced services. • City supported welfare-. • Parks, playgrounds, kindergartens.
State Reforms at the Turn of the Century. • Voters get more voice in government. • The direct primary- voters cast ballots to select nominee for election (in the past city leaders handpicked who would run for the party). • 17th amendment 1913(Oregon leads the way in popular election). • Initiative- allows citizens can propose new laws. • Referendum- voters can demand a law passed by the legislature be referred to the voters for approval. • Recall- voters can remove public officials from office before next election.
Progressive Reforms in the Workplace. • Following the triangle shirtwaist fire of 1911 an outraged nation called for reform in the workplace. • Fire safety standards: • Drills. • Inspectors. • Safer working conditions. • State workers compensation insurance. • State labor departments. • Minimum wage legislation (Massachusetts leads the way).
Roosevelt and Progressivism • A square deal. • The function of government is to serve the people. • United mine workers coal strike. • The trusts. • Used the Sherman acts to control bad trusts. • Northern security company. • Regulation of the railroad. • Tariff policy. • Conservation. • Legislation. • Dept of labor, pure food & drug, meat inspection.
Progressivism Under Taft. • The election of 1908. • Popular president Roosevelt announces early he is not running. • Hand picks Taft as successor. • Taft the president (traditional republican). • Aligns with old republican guard. • Tariffs. • Ballenger-Pinchot affair. • Richard Ballenger(sec of interior). • Gifford Pinchot - director of forest service ( Roosevelt appointment). Ballenger sells resource rich land in Alaska to investment group, Pinchot flet group had preferential treatment and complains to congress. Taft fired Pinchot. The progressives rally.
Taft Looses Support of the Progressive Wing Midterm elections 1910. • Taft vs. The progressives. • Roosevelt breaks from republican party supports progressives. • Progressive ‘new nationalism” platform: • Workplace protections. • Direct primaries. • Initiative, referendum, recall. • Republicans loose seats in senate and house.
Taft As a Progressive. • Comparing Taft & Roosevelt as progressives. • Taft: • More public land. • More antitrust suits. • Children's bureau established in labor department. • 16th amendment - income tax. • 17th amendment- direct elections of senate. • Mann Elkins act- use ICC to regulate telephone& telegraph rates.
1912 Election • Roosevelt vs. Taft for republican nomination • Taft wins nomination • Progressive call fraud & form own party & name Roosevelt candidate for president • Bull moose party • Republican vote splits & democrat Woodrow Wilson wins election
Progressivism Under Wilson (State & Local) Wilson was committed to reform and felt government needed to take an active role in the economy and protecting the people. • Wilson reforms at the state level:: • Labor legislation. • Safety regulations, worker comp, regulations of hours & child labor. • School attendance. • Wilson reforms municipals. • Public utilities.
Wilson National Reforms • Clayton acts • Child labor act • Federal trade commission • 17th amendment (direct election of senate) • Federal farm loan act • Reduce tariffs (Underwood tariff act) • Federal reserve act
The Last Reforms of the Progressive Era Women's Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony
Progressive Legislation • Describer the urban reforms that took place during the progressive era? • Discuss the reforms in state government which gave voters more power. • What federal level reforms took place?
