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Kacy Gillette 3/17/14

Endoplasmic Reticulum. Kacy Gillette 3/17/14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Was discovered in 1945 by Albert Claude in Belgium. Eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae within cells.

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Kacy Gillette 3/17/14

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  1. Endoplasmic Reticulum Kacy Gillette3/17/14

  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Was discovered in 1945 by Albert Claude in Belgium. • Eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae within cells. • It flattens sacs that serve a variety of functions in the cell.

  3. Cell Anatomy

  4. Rough ER • Synthesize proteins • In certain white blood cells, the rough ER produces antibodies. • In pancreatic cells the rough ER produces insulin.

  5. Rough ER Cont. • Within the cytoplasm of cells lies the endoplasmic reticulum . • Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are called Rough ER. • Protein is formed within the interior to the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are destined for secretion, storage, or incorporation into membranes. • There main function is to separate proteins that stay from the ones that do not.

  6. Smooth ER • Smooth ER lacks attached ribosomes and appears more tubular than rough ER, where as the rough ER appeared as more of a maze. • Smooth ER gives the cell the ability to perform a variety of specialized functions. • Smooth ER functions in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification.

  7. ER Cell Structure

  8. The Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi is composed of flattened fluid-filled sacs that controls the flow of molecules in a cell. • This is also the case of protein. • Carbohydrates are added to the protein to complete its production. • Proteins made within the rough ER bud off in vesicles and are transported to the Golgi where the vesicles fuse with the membrane and the components are further modified. • This finished product, glycoprotein, is taken from the Golgi apparatus and is transported by a vesicle of the cell membrane.

  9. The Golgi Apparatus

  10. Associated Diseases • Research has made it clear that the accumulation of misfolded proteins contributes to a number of neurodegenerative, immune, and endocrine pathologies, as well as other age-related illnesses. • Research focuses on the possibility that the buildup of misfolded proteins can also contribute to vascular and cardiac diseases. • However, evidence that supports this research is correlative evidence, which is flawed as it is unwise to assume that correlation always implies causation.

  11. Associated Diseases • When glucose levels become excessive, an ER stress response is initiated. This response is thought to suppress insulin. This down regulation of insulin is characteristic in type two diabetes. • Correlative evidence shows that ER stress markers are present in deceased persons that suffered from Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.

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