1 / 36

Countries of East Asia

Countries of East Asia. REGIONS OF EAST ASIA. CHINA PROPER- Eastern half XIZANG (TIBET)- Mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated XINJIANG- Desert basins and mountains; a cultural contact zone with Islam MONGOLIA- A desert; buffer between Russia and China THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE

paki-beasley
Download Presentation

Countries of East Asia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Countries of East Asia

  2. REGIONS OF EAST ASIA • CHINA PROPER- Eastern half • XIZANG (TIBET)- Mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated • XINJIANG- Desert basins and mountains; a cultural contact zone with Islam • MONGOLIA- A desert; buffer between Russia and China • THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE • Japan, South Korea, Taiwan

  3. Cultural Characteristics of East Asia • WORLD’S MOST POPULOUS REALM-1.28 Billion people (1/5 of world) • One of the world’s earliest cultural hearths • Population concentrations in the East

  4. CHINA’S RELATIVE LOCATION • ISOLATION • Natural Protective Barriers • EFFECTS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN • A history of emperors who restricted the use of the coastline. • Today the ocean is playing a major role in the economic transformation of COASTAL CHINA.

  5. Historical Perspectives: China • Continuous civilization for over 4,000 years • View of China as the center of the civilized world. • Historically China is a closed society

  6. CONFUCIUS • China’s most influential philosopher and teacher 551-479 • Emphasized that human virtues, rather than godly connections, should determine a person’s place in society. • Teaching have dominated Chinese life and thought for more than 20 centuries.

  7. Buddhism Taoism Buddha Lao-tzu

  8. The Great Wall

  9. CHINA’S POLITICAL MAP • 4 CENTRAL-GOVERNMENT-ADMINISTERED MUNICIPALITIES • BEIJING (CAPITAL); TIANJIN (PORT CITY); SHANGHAI (LARGEST CITY); CHONGQUING (INTERIOR RIVER PORT) • 5 AUTONOMOUS REGIONS • NEI MONGOL (INNER MONGOLIA); NINGXIA HUI; XINJIANG UYGUR (NW); GUANGXI ZHUANG (SOUTH); XIZANG (TIBET) • 22 PROVINCES • LARGER IN THE WEST

  10. Chinese Leaders in the 20th Century • Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalists) • Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)- leader of Communist Party • Deng Xiao Ping- replaced Mao- created the Chinese socialist market economy • Hu Jintao (2002 - ) • Present leader

  11. MAO’S CHINA: COMMUNISM RISES • 1950s- 1976 Communist Regime launched massive programs of reform • Farming was collectivized • Industries were reorganized as state-owned enterprises • Dramatic social changes-education, religion, population growth

  12. DENG XIAOPING ERA • Took power in 1979 • Attempted to unite Communist political rule with capitalist economic practices = Socialist Market Economy • Decentralized decision-making

  13. ECONOMIC INITIATIVES • SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES • 6 SEZs ESTABLISHED; 3 IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE • INVESTMENT INCENTIVES: LOW TAXES, IMPORT/EXPORT REGULATIONS LESSENED • OPEN CITIES • INCLUDED 14 COASTAL CITIES • NATIONAL INVESTMENT FOCUSED ON SHANGHAI • OPEN COASTAL AREAS • ALSO DESIGNED TO ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS • CONCENTRATED ALONG PACIFIC COAST DELTAS AND PENINSULAS

  14. SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES • INVESTOR INCENTIVES • LOW TAXES • EASING OF IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATIONS • SIMPLIFIED LAND LEASES • HIRING OF CONTRACT LABOR PERMITTED • PRODUCTS MAY BE SOLD IN FOREIGN MARKETS AND IN CHINA (UNDER CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS)

  15. ETHNIC GROUPS

  16. LANGUAGES • Chinese is one of the world’s oldest active languages. • Spoken Chinese varies dialect to dialect although the characters (over 50,000) used to represent the language remain the same. • Since Chinese is written in characters rather than by a phonetic alphabet, Chinese words must be translated so foreigners can pronounce them.

  17. PINYIN • THE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANIZING CHINESE ChineseTranslation Bei North Nan South Xi West Dong East Jing Capital Shan Mountain He River (in the north) Jiang River (in the south)

  18. XIZANG (TIBET) • A harsh physical environment • Sparsely populated • Came under Chinese control during the Manchu Dynasty in 1720 • Gained separate status in the late 19th century • China’s communists regime took control in the 1950s • Cornerstone of Buddhism, The Dalai Lama, and monasteries • Now an autonomous region

  19. The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, is the ceremonial home of the 14th Dalai Lama, now in exile in India.

  20. XINJIANG • Comprises one-sixth of China’s total land area • A region of high mountains and basins • Chinese only account for 40% of the population • Muslims accounts for half of the population • Has extensive reserves of oil and natural gas

  21. MONGOLIA • Steppe and desert environment • Sparsely populated with an estimated 2.5 million inhabitants • Part of the Chinese Empire from Late 1600s until 1911 • Functions as a buffer state • Economy is focused on herding and animal products

  22. JAPANESE HISTORY • 600 - 800 Chinese cultural influence • 1000 -1300 War, Medieval society arises, shoguns evolve • 1600 -1867 Tokugawa Shogunate, isolation, foreigners and Christianity expelled, individualistic culture, emphasis on Shinto belief system • 1868: Meiji Restoration

  23. MEIJI RESTORATION • 1868 Rebellion brought in reformers. • Reinstated the emperor and began to transform Japan from a Feudal society with pre-machine age technology to an industrial power. • Focus was on industrialization and education system.

  24. EXPANSIONIST JAPAN • TAIWAN 1895 • KOREA 1910 • MANCHURIA 1931 • CHINA 1937 • HONG KONG 1939 • SOUTHEAST ASIA 1941

  25. SHINTOISM

  26. JAPANESE POPULATION • Population: 127.4 million • Birth rate: 8 births/1,000 • Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 • Growth rate: 0.0% • Life expectancy: 78 (M), 85 (F) • Urbanization: 78%

  27. KOREA • The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 73 million • Turbulent political history: • A dependency of China • A colony of Japan • Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied Powers > WWII (1945) • Cease-fire line established in 1953 (DMZ) separates North Korea and South Korea

  28. NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS • NORTH KOREA • 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural • Antiquated state enterprises • Inefficient, non-productive agriculture • Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China • SOUTH KOREA • 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly urbanized • Modern factories • Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture • Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western Europe

  29. POPULATION 23,600,000 49,200,000 GNP (BILLIONS) $ 21.3 $ 508.3 GNP/CAPITA $ 920 $ 17,300 AGRICULTURE (as % of GNP) 25 % 8 % (% work force) 36 % 21 % THE KOREAS- COMPARED

  30. TAIWAN Chiang Kai-shek Memorial

  31. TAIWAN • Historical background: • A Chinese province for centuries • Colonized by Japan in 1895 • Returned to China > WWII • 1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the US) fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC) • Population – 22.7 million • 77% urbanized

More Related