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Professor Dr. Jin BQ Department of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

Vitamin. Professor Dr. Jin BQ Department of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU. Introduction. Small molecule organic compounds From Foods No composition in body No supplying energy Joining metabolism. Name. According to the finding history, A B C D----

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Professor Dr. Jin BQ Department of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

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  1. Vitamin Professor Dr. Jin BQ Department of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

  2. Introduction • Small molecule organic compounds • From Foods • No composition in body • No supplying energy • Joining metabolism

  3. Name • According to the finding history, A B C D---- • According to its physiological action, Soluble • According to its chemical structure

  4. Classification • Lipid-solution: A, D, E, K • Liquid-solution: Bcom, C, choline

  5. Vitamin Deficiency 1 Reasons Lower supply from food Lower absorption in gut Requirement increase in crowds Others 2Deficiency Clinic or Original Marginal Secondary CooperationAssisting Anti-assisting

  6. Typicality • Coenzyme/cofactor/adjuvant • Destroyed easily • Lipid-vitamin is easy to store in body-toxin • Liquid-vitamin is rich in foods, and easy to excreted

  7. §Vit. A, Retinol

  8. Typicality • Absorption & metabolism • Function: 6 kinds 1 Vision: visual yellow, dark adaptation 2 Epithelial growing& cell developing 3 Improving immune 4 Anti-oxidation & anti-cancer • Deficiency: Night blindness Epithelial hurting Delaying growth

  9. RNI & Food Source • RE 800ug/700ug Ul/Vit.A 3000ug/d (2250 IU) • In animal foods, such as liver, yolk, fish oil • In vegetables, such as β-carotene Toxicity:half-life 128-154d/in body

  10. §Vit. D, Cholecaliferol 1,25-(OH)2 Vit D D3 cholecalciferol D2 ergocalciferol

  11. Typicality Absorption & metabolism • Function: 5 kinds 1 Adjusting Ca absorption & re-absorption 2 Maintaining Ca balance in blood 4 Assisting Ca deposit in bone or tooth 5 Anti-oxidation • Deficiency:Bone loss/osteoporosis Rhachitis Gristle Convulsion

  12. RNI & Food Source • RNI 5-10ug/d (300-400IU) UL 20 ug /d • Rich in liver, yolk, fish oil and so on D transfering in skin Toxicity: the same as A Ratio: A:D =8-10:1

  13. §Vit.E, Tocopherol (αβγδ)

  14. History: 1922 got it from malt oil, Chemist 伊万斯in US, named Tocopherol • Typicality • Absorption & metabolism • Function 5kinds 1 Anti-oxidation / GSH-Px 2 For RBC 4 For DNA, CoQ 5 For reproductivity

  15. Deficiency:E+Se, 骨骼肌、心肌损伤 • Effects:Gossypol, microelements • RNI10-12 mg/d • Rich invegetable oil, nuts, meat, egg, milk • Toxicity: >400mg/d

  16. § Phylloquinone, Vit.K

  17. Typicality: K1, K2, ,yellow • Absorption & metabolism • Function 凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的成分 1 Coagulating 2 Anti-oxidation 3 Hormone-similar, increasing T3/T4 4 Improving gastr-intestine movement • RDA 65-80mg, UL500mg

  18. § Vit. B Family

  19. Thiamine, B1

  20. 1897 found by Dr. Eijkman, 1936 realized its structure • Typicality: White crystalAbsorption & metabolism By 80%TPP, 10%TTP, TMP 25-30mg total in body, 50% in muscle • Function 1 Coenzymes 2 For Energy Metabolism, ATP 4 For AA---COO- 5 For Nerves transfer---choline • Exhausted:1mg /d, 2-3w used at all • Deficiency: Beriberi, Aneurin • RNI=1.3-1.4mg/d, UL=50mg/d

  21. Riboflavin, Vit.B2

  22. Typicality: Orange crystal • Absorption & metabolism • Function 1 Coenzymes: FMN-FAD-flavoprotein 2 Energy Metabolism +B1+B2+B6 +PPsynthesis 3 Fe absorbing 4 Anti-oxidation: GSSG • Exhausted: 60-80d • Deficiency: Dermatitis • RNI: 1.2-1.4mg/d • Good sources: Yolk, meat, cereals, green vegetables

  23. Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Vit.PP, B3

  24. History:18 centry, found a disease in Italy, pellagra 1912Funk found a Vit could cure it 1926 yeast cured it 1937 named it,pellagra preventive factor,PP • Typicality: White crystal • Absorption & metabolism: Small intestine + liver • Typicality: White crystal • Absorption & metabolism: Small intestine + liver

  25. Function 1 Coenzymes: NAD, NADP 2 For insulin, GTF-glucose tolerance factor (25mg/kg/d) 3 For protein and fat synthesis • Deficiency: Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia • RNI=13-14mg/d, UL= 35mg/d • Good sources: Liver, cereals, green vegetables

  26. Vit. B6

  27. 1926 found dermatitis in rats when its deficiency • 1934 found and named by Prof. Snell Gyorgy 匈牙利 • 1938 Prof. Gyorgy got crystal B6 and knew its structure • 1939 man-made • Typicality: White crystal • Absorption & metabolism: Small intestine 75-80% in muscle • Function 1 Coenzymes: > 100 2 Nerve system, -CH3 3 EM • Deficiency • AI= 1.2mg/d • Good sources: white meat

  28. Folic Acid

  29. 1943 found by Lederle • Typicality: Yellow crystal • Absorption & metabolism: Small intestine, 50% • Function (H4F) 1 hemoglobin-RBC 2 nerve development 3 –CH3 • Deficiency • RNI= 400ug/d, UL 1000ug/d • Good sources: fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat

  30. Vit.B12

  31. History: 1926 found by Minot and Murphy 1934 获生理学和医学诺贝尔奖。 1948 divided into B12 in US 1956 Hodgkin X射线 its structure 1964 获化学诺贝尔奖 1972 man-made by Woodward • Typicality: dark red crystal • Absorption & metabolism: link inn-factor

  32. Function 1 For RBC 2 For nerve development 3 For cofactors, CH3- • Deficiency: • RDA: • Good sources: fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat

  33. § Ascorbic Acid, Vit.C

  34. 1928-1932 found • Typicality: White crystal • Absorption & metabolism • Function 1 Coenzymes 2 Fe absorbing 3 Anti-oxidation 4 Improving immune • Deficiency: Scurve, perifollicuar hemorrhage • RNI 100mg/d, UL <1000mg/d • Good sources: fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat

  35. Vitamins percent from Foods in UK

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