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NUTRITION

NUTRITION. NUTRITION. WHAT IS NUTRITION? MAYBE THIS SHORT VIDEO CAN HELP DEFINITION THE PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS GET FOOD AND BREAK IT DOWN SO IT CAN BE USED FOR METABOLISM WHAT ARE NUTRIENTS? SUBSTANCES THAT PROVIDE ENERGY AND MATERIALS NEEDED FOR METABOLIC PROCESSES. NUTRITION.

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NUTRITION

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  1. NUTRITION

  2. NUTRITION • WHAT IS NUTRITION? • MAYBE THIS SHORT VIDEO CAN HELP • DEFINITION • THE PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS GET FOOD AND BREAK IT DOWN SO IT CAN BE USED FOR METABOLISM • WHAT ARE NUTRIENTS? • SUBSTANCES THAT PROVIDE ENERGY AND MATERIALS NEEDED FOR METABOLIC PROCESSES

  3. NUTRITION • THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF NUTRIENTS • INORGANIC NUTRIENTS VS ORGANIC NUTRIENTS • ORGANIC NUTRIENTS INCLUDE: • CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND VITAMINS • INORGANIC NUTRIENTS INCLUDE: • MINERALS AND WATER • CHEMICAL ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR NORMAL FUNCTIONING • EXAMPLE  IODINE

  4. NUTRITION

  5. NUTRITION • WHAT WAS THE DEFINITION OF NUTRITION AGAIN? • THE PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS GET (OBTAIN) FOOD AND BREAK IT DOWN (DIGEST) SO IT CAN BE USED FOR METABOLISM • TWO PIECES TO THAT DEFINITION • THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING FOOD • THE PROCESS OF BREAKING IT DOWN (DIGESTION)

  6. NUTRITION • THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING FOOD • ALL LIVING THINGS CAN BE BROKEN UP INTO TWO GROUPS WHEN IT COMES TO OBTAINING FOOD • AUTOTROPHS VS HETEROTROPHS

  7. NUTRITION • AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION • DEFINITION • THE ABILITY OF SYNTHESIZING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SIMPLE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS • TWO KNOWN PROCESSES • PHOTOSYNTHESIS • CHEMOSYNTHESIS • HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION • DEFINTION • THE INABILITY TO SYNTHESIZE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM INORGANIC ONES • ORGANISMS MUST OBTAIN PRE-MADE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THROUGH INGESTION • ORGANISMS ACCOMPLISH THIS THROUGH A VARIETY OF METHODS

  8. NUTRITION • HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION • ALL HETEROTROPHS UTILIZE THE SAME PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION • INGESTION • DIGESTION & ABSORPTION • EGESTION (***NOT EXCRETION***)

  9. NUTRITION • AS THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT HETEROTROPHS, THE METHODS OF HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION THEY UTILIZE VARY GREATLY… • FOR OUR PURPOSES, WE ARE GOING TO FOCUS ON CERTAIN ORGANISMS TO UNDERSTAND LIFE IN GENERAL • WE WILL CALL THESE ORGANISMS, REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS, BECAUSE THEY REPRESENT THE MAJORITY OF METHODS THAT EXIST IN ALL HETEROTROPHS

  10. NUTRITION • WHO KNOWS WHAT THESE ORGANISMS ARE? • WHAT KINGDOM ARE THEY IN? • PROTISTS • THIS WILL BE OUR FIRST GROUP OF REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS

  11. NUTRITION • NUTRITION IN PROTISTS • WATCH THIS VIDEO • WHAT DID YOU JUST SEE? • ENDOCYTOSIS (PHAGOCYTOSIS) • PARAMECIUM EAT SIMILARLY  • BOTH ORGANISMS PERFORMINTRACELLULAR DIGESTIONONLY!! • WHERE DOES INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, ANDEGESTION OCCUR IN THIS METHOD?

  12. NUTRITION • MAJOR NUTRITIONAL STRUCTURES IN PROTISTS

  13. NUTRITION • ANYONE KNOW THIS ORGANISM??

  14. NUTRITION • WHAT ABOUT THESE GUYS?

  15. NUTRITION • THIS IS A MICROSCOPIC RELATIVE OF JELLIES, CALLED A HYDRA • IT IS A VERY SIMPLEANIMAL, AND WILL BE OUR NEXT REPRESENTATIVEORGANISM • HOW DO THEY EAT?

  16. NUTRITION • MAJOR STRUCTURES IN HYDRA

  17. NUTRITION • HYDRA NUTRITION • EXTRACELLULAR & INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION • WHERE DOES INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND EGESTION TAKE PLACE?

  18. NUTRITION • WHAT IS THIS ORGANISM?

  19. NUTRITION • EARTHWORM WILL SERVE AS ANOTHER REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISM • HAS A “TUBE-WITHIN-A-TUBE” BODY PLAN

  20. NUTRITION • FIRST ORGANISM TO HAVE AN ORGANIZED DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (ORGAN SYSTEM) • WHAT ARE THE MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE EARTHWORM’S DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

  21. NUTRITION • MAJOR STRUCTURES • ALIMENTARY CANAL • MOUTH • ANUS • PHARYNX • ESOPHAGUS • CROP • GIZZARD • INTESTINE • *TYPHLOSOLE

  22. NUTRITION • WHERE DOES INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION AND EGESTION TAKE PLACE?

  23. NUTRITION • THE EARTHWORM IS THE FIRST ORGANISM TO DEMONSTRATE THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF DIGESTION • MECHANICAL VS CHEMICAL DIGESTION • MECHANICAL DIGESTION • BREAKING THINGS DOWN INTO SMALLER PIECES • CHEMICAL DIGESTION • BREAKING THE CHEMICAL BONDS / CHANGING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A SUBSTANCE

  24. NUTRITION • WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE IN REAL LIFE??CLICK THE PIC TO FIND OUT

  25. NUTRITION • OUR NEXT REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISM

  26. NUTRITION • GRASSHOPPER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  27. NUTRITION • MAJOR STRUCTURES: • MOUTH • ESOPHAGUS • SALIVARY GLANDS • CROP • GIZZARD • GASTRIC CECAE • STOMACH • INTESTINE • RECTUM • ANUS

  28. NUTRITION • GRASSHOPPER NUTRITION • WHERE DOES INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION AND EGESTION TAKE PLACE? • WHERE DOES MECHANICAL DIGESTION TAKE PLACE? • WHERE DOES CHEMICAL DIGESTION TAKE PLACE?

  29. NUTRITION • OUR NEXT REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISM • JUST A REMINDER

  30. NUTRITION • HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • MAJOR STRUCTURES • MOUTH • SALIVARY GLANDS • PHARYNX • EPIGLOTTIS • ESOPHAGUS • STOMACH • SMALL INTESTINE • LARGE INTESTINE • RECTUM • ANUS • *LIVER • *GALL BLADDER • *PANCREAS

  31. NUTRITION • THE MOUTH • INGESTION • MASTICATION • MECHANICAL &CHEMICAL DIGESTION

  32. NUTRITION • THE PHARYNX • SWALLOWING • BOLUS • EPIGLOTTIS

  33. NUTRITION • THE ESOPHAGUS • THE CONECCTION BETWEEN THE MOUTH AND THE STOMACH • PERISTALSIS • *HEARTBURN*

  34. NUTRITION • THE STOMACH • MECHANICAL &CHEMICAL DIGESTION • CHURNING VS GASTRIC JUICE • WHAT’S THE POINTOF THE MUCOUSMEMBRANE? • *ULCERS*

  35. NUTRITION

  36. NUTRITION • THE SMALL INTESTINE • CHEMICAL DIGESTION • LIVER / GALLBLADDER /PANCREAS • ABSORPTION OFNUTRIENTS • VILLI • OTHER TERM • LACTEALS

  37. NUTRITION

  38. NUTRITION • THE LARGE INTESTINE (A.K.A. “THE COLON”) • MAJORFUNCTION • WATERABSORPTION • VITAMINABSORPTION • ELIMINATION

  39. NUTRITION • SUMMARY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • WHERE DOES INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, &EGESTION OCCUR? • DIFFERENTAREAS OFCHEMICAL DIGESTION?

  40. NUTRITION • WHAT ARE SOME COMMON DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS? • ULCER • CONSTIPATION • DIARRHEA

  41. NUTRITION • WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION AND AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION? • WHAT’S AN EXAMPLE OF AN AUTOTROPH?

  42. NUTRITION • WHAT CHARACTERISTIC DO ALL THESE HAVE IN COMMON? • THEY ARE ALL GREEN • WHY ARE THEY GREEN??

  43. NUTRITION • PLANTS ARE GREEN BECAUSE THEY HAVE A SPECIAL ORGANELLE CALLED A…

  44. NUTRITION • WHAT MAKES A CHLOROPLAST GREEN? • IT CONTAINS CHLOROPHYLL!! • CHLOROPLASTS ARE PHYLLED WITH CHLOROPHYLL

  45. NUTRITION • WHAT MAKES CHLOROPHYLL GREEN?? • IS IT SOMETHING…EVIL?? • IT HAS TO DO WITHABSORBING AND REFLECTING OF LIGHT…

  46. NUTRITION • REMEMBER YOUR OLD FRIEND,R.O.Y.G.B.I.V

  47. NUTRITION • THINGS APPEAR A CERTAIN COLOR BECAUSE THEY REFLECT THAT PARTICULAR COLOR…THEREFORE, WHAT DOES THAT TELL US ABOUT CHLOROPHYLL??

  48. NUTRITION • WE CALL THOSE SUBSTANCES THAT ABSORB OR REFLECT PARTICULAR COLORS OF LIGHT…PIGMENTS • CHLOROPHYLL IS THE MOST WELL KNOWN PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT…BUT THERE ARE OTHERS…HOW DO YOU KNOW??

  49. NUTRITION • HOW DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORK??

  50. NUTRITION • HOW DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORK?? • HOW DOES THE PLANT GET THE STUFF IT NEEDS FOR THIS REACTION?

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