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Introduction to Sports Injuries

Introduction to Sports Injuries. General Definitions. Acute injuries – Happen at one specific instant Chronic injuries – Happen due to prolonged abuse or inbalances All injuries occur due to: Direct Blows, Torsions or Shearings Soft Tissue – skin, organs, tendons, ligaments

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Introduction to Sports Injuries

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  1. Introduction to Sports Injuries

  2. General Definitions • Acute injuries – Happen at one specific instant • Chronic injuries – Happen due to prolonged abuse or inbalances • All injuries occur due to: • Direct Blows, Torsions or Shearings • Soft Tissue – skin, organs, tendons, ligaments • Hard Tissues - bone

  3. Acute Injuries • Sudden that usually are accompanied by swelling • Strains • Muscle or tendon is stretched to the point where the fibres start to tear • Prevention through warmup and stretching • Sprains • Ligament and joint capsule damage caused by twisting motions that muscles can’t control • Prevention through flexibility and stable joints • Ex – unhappy triad, ankle inversion, dislocations

  4. Grades of Acute Injuries • Strains • 1 – slight stretch of the muscles/tendons • 2 – partial tear • 3 – complete tear • Sprains • 1 – stretch of ligaments • 2 – stretched to partial tear • 3 – Complete tear

  5. Chronic Injuries • Overuse or stress injuries that develop gradually • Result of repetitive activities (running, tennis) • Muscle tissue gradually develops microscopic tears that cause pain, swelling and tenderness • Prevention through stretching and strengthening routines • Ex – tennis elbow, shin splints, tendonitis

  6. Musculoskeletal Healing Process

  7. Stage 1 – The Inflammatory Phase • 3 – 4 days • Recognized by swelling, heat, altered function • R – Rest – 2-3 days with immobilization • I – Ice – Reduces pain and spasm, minimizes cell death and causes vasoconstriction • C – Compression – Decreases swelling by slowing the flow of fluid to the area • E – Elevation – Decreases swelling by encouraging blood to return to the heart and not pool

  8. Stage 2 – The Regeneration Phase • 48 hours + after the injury to weeks depending on the injury severity • Tissue replacement • Attempt to regain function

  9. Stage 3 – The Remodelling Phase • Weeks to a year • Place sport specific forces on the area to increase strength • Stress without distress • Will need to progress as the injury recovers and strength and stability come back

  10. Prevention of Sports Injuries • Warm Up • Cool Down • Hydration • Proper Technique • Equipment • Physical Conditioning • Facilities Management • Balanced Opponents • Rules and Enforcement • Common Sense

  11. Benefits of Taping • Can be used in prevention and to aid after an injury • Increases stability of a joint • Can take pressure or stress off of a body part • Increases the confidence in an athletes abilities • New stretchy tape is being used to help in taping to keep stability and aid movement

  12. Benefits of Massage • Can be used as a recovery method as well • Increases blood flow to certain areas • Can be used to lengthen soft tissue • Can be used to flush metabolites from exercise from an area • Can vary in strength (flush, athletic/active, deep) • Can be used with other techniques (ART – active release therapy etc) • Can be used to put compounds into the skin/muscle

  13. Hip Joint Groin Injuries Basics • Usually put together as the pain can radiate from one to the other • Causes • Hip – usually articular cartilage damage • Groin – usually due to overloading muscles or tendons

  14. Adductor Longus Muscle • Commonly injured in soccer, track, hockey, skiing • Symptoms • Pain on adduction • Pain is from the origin and may radiate towards the groin • Pain can decrease after initial exertion

  15. Ilio-Psoas Muscle • Commonly injured in weight lifting, rowing, running uphill, jumping and hurdling • Symptoms • Inflammation of the bursa and tendon beneath the muscle • Tenderness at the insertion of the tendon • Pain in the groin may also occur on hip flexing

  16. Rectus Femoris Muscle • Commonly injured in kicking actions and fast starts in running • Symptoms • Pain just above the hip joint • Pain during and after activity • Pain on flexing of the hip joint or extension of the knee joint

  17. Other Abdominal Muscles • Commonly injured in weightlifting, throwing, gymnastics and wrestling • Symptoms • Inflammation is caused by exertion and a stabbing pain in the abdominal area • Pain is more pronounced when the muscle is contracted

  18. Common Injuries to Know • The Unhappy Triad (torn ACL, MCL, Meniscus) • Stress Fractures • Glenohumeral Dislocation • Shin Splints • Concussions • Rotator Cuff Tendonitis • Ankle Sprains • Achilles Tendonitis • Acromioclavicular Dislocation • Tennis Elbow • Split into 10 groups of 2-3 and each group choose one. Send a 1-2 PPT slides to Mr Wardle by Monday of your injury

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