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SO 2 Control in CAI-Asia net Cities of China

SO 2 Control in CAI-Asia net Cities of China. REN Hongyan Dec. 13 2006, Yogya, Indonesia BAQ Meeting. Sustainable Urban Mobility in Asia A CAI-Asia Program. Outline. Introduction to CAI-Asia China Project Status of SO 2 Emission Control practice in the cities

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SO 2 Control in CAI-Asia net Cities of China

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  1. SO2 Control in CAI-Asia net Cities of China REN Hongyan Dec. 13 2006, Yogya, Indonesia BAQ Meeting Sustainable Urban Mobility in Asia A CAI-Asia Program

  2. Outline • Introduction to CAI-Asia China Project • Status of SO2 Emission • Control practice in the cities • Challenges for the cities in meeting national SO2 reduction standards • Follow-up activities CAI-Asia China project

  3. CAI-Asia China Project: a city based network • CAI-Asia China Project • Sponsored by SEPA and CAI-Asia • started in July 2005 • supported by • ADB • WB • Energy Foundation • Hewlett Foundation • resource organizations • Tsinghua University , Peking University • CRAES, ERI, CATS • USEPA, EU, CNR

  4. CAI-Asia China Project: a city based network • CAI-Asia China 11 network cities • Changsha • Chengdu • Chongqing • Guiyang • Guangzhou • Hangzhou • Harbin • Luoyang • Qingdao • Tianjin • Urumuqi • Candidate cities • Suzhou, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Xi’an, and Nanning)

  5. Organization Chart China SEPA PCD, FECO CAI-Asia Project Steering Committee SEPA, CAI-Asia, ADB, WB, EF, HF CAI-Asia China Project Office Resource Organizations City Network Changsha Hangzhou CAI-Asia Secretariat ADB EU Chongqing Harbin BP SEPA-PCD Chengdu Luoyang Coastal Cities US EPA Guangzhou Qingdao CRAES TU Guiyang Tianjin EF WB Urumuqi

  6. 3rd City Workshop • organized • SEPA • CAI-Asia • Aim • SO2 Emission Control • 12 cities Presentation • current SO2 Emission situation, proposed control strategy • challenges in their SO2 Emission Control • Presentations from SEPA • outlined the overall task • implementation principles at national level • USEPA expert • SO2 emission • Acid Rain management

  7. SO2 Control in China • Why • Acid rain problems • The amount of SO2 emissions • Rapid increase in the use of coal • High SO2 concentration in the air • Smog problems in cities

  8. SO2 Control in China • What • 11th Five-Year Plan • SO2 reduced by 10% by end 2010: • Total SO2 emission < 22.94 million tons • SO2 emitted by power sector < 10 million tons

  9. SO2 Control in China • How • pollution Levy System (PLS) • PLS is based on the polluter pays principle • Two Control Areas (TCA) • TCA is a means for prioritizing SO2 control efforts, designating the standards, and identifying cities and regions that should receive extra attention and resources from the national government • Total Emissions Control (TEC) • TEC limits the polluters to discharge under a specified level and levies the charge when any pollution is discharged

  10. How • National FGD program for power plant • All the new coal fired power plants is required to install FGD • Emission permit system • Power plants need to have the permit for the emission • Emission trading program • New source needs to obtain the emission amount

  11. Energy structure of the cities (%) Source: 3 rd CAI-Asia China Project City workshop presentations, September, 2006 Urumqi

  12. SO2 Emission of The Cities in 2005 (10,000 tons) Source: 3 rd CAI-Asia China Project City workshop presentations, September, 2006 Urumqi Guiyang’s datum is as of 2003

  13. Ambient SO2 Concentration Level Source: 3 rd CAI-Asia China Project City workshop presentations, September, 2006 Urumqi

  14. City differences • Cities within the heating zone and those outside • Heating: Harbin, Lanzhou, Qingdao, Taiyuan,Tianjin, and Urumuqi • No heating: Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou • Sulfurlevels of coal

  15. City differences • Income aspects • Different from $2000-5000 per capita • Qingdao and hangzhou are rich • The size of city • Population • Tianjin 12mil • chongqing 10 mil • Economic pattern • Heavy industry • Tertiary industry

  16. SO2 Emission Reduction Targets • National target • 10% reduction in SO2 emissions • 20% for cities included in the Two Control Areas • Cities targets • go well beyond the 10 or 20% • Qingdao 26% • Changsa 60 % • Comply with the NAAQS • Reduce the SO2 concentration in the air • Increase the visibility • Reduce the smog • 80%-100% days meet the NAAQS

  17. Control practice at national and city level

  18. Challenges Approaches • Clarify the linkage • between Air Quality Management and SO2 control measures, • The drives the SO2 control strategy in China • Acid rain or is it health • changes in the energy structure • Local EPBs face difficulties in many cases in engaging major economic sectors and agencies

  19. Challenges Strategies • National target and city target • Setting national targets has obvious advantages but also carries the danger of cities adopting targets for the sake of targets and not because they are realistic • Improve guidelines • national level on how to formulate Acid Rain and SO2 Emission Control Planning for 11th Five Year Plan period • modify TCZ • Need to revisit definition of “two controlled zones” of 1998 if necessary

  20. Challenges Management • institutional arrangements • relation between central and local EP agency • Economy is No1. • Cities, especially in the West, lack strong base to implement regulatory requirements • weak enforcement capacity • Manpower • Know-how • Technology • Lack of long-term incentives • Health,economy,image or else

  21. Challenges Financial Aspects • funding mechanism • Lack of reliable, regular, and adequate • emission levy too low • trigger the investments • permitting and sanctions not effective enough • Lack of clarity on investment strategy • (national, regional and local) at different levels to support SO2 emission reductiontarget

  22. Challenges Regulations • TEC regulation • No systematic regulation base for emission amount. • Permit regulation • Not sure about the point source. • Visibility standard • Is not yet a national concern. • PM2.5 standard • Under discussion

  23. Challenges Technical Aspects • Absence of CEMs • Insufficient data • (quantity and quality) on emission inventory • baseline definition • Lack of a sound methodology • define the baseline data • background condition • ambient carrying capacity

  24. Follow-up activities • Dialogue • at the national level • getting more guidance • meeting the SO2 targets • Norwegian project • select cities • coming up with SO2 control strategies • One of the candidate cities is Changsa. • The Clean Energy Action Plan • the Clean Energy Office • a good example of multi-sectoral approach

  25. Follow-up activities • Trans-boundary emission • SO2 local emission • but also from neighboring cities and regions. • the Changsa pilot project • the regional scale (Changsha – Zhuzhou-Xiangtan) • Program for western cities • The great development of western region of China • Environmental friendly action for the western cities • 16 net cities

  26. Follow-up activities • AQM trainning program • General AQM • Stationary source • Mobile source • Global issues, ODS, CDM, GHG • Pilot project for vehicular emission • Urumqi will be pilot city • Tailpipe smoke will be priority • Smoke inspector be trained • EF

  27. Contact: State Environmental Protection Administration REN Hongyan ren.hongyan@sepa.gov.cn Sustainable Urban Mobility in Asia A CAI-Asia Program

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