Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE (Research4Life) and the Internet (module 1.1)

1. Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE (Research4Life) and the Internet (module 1.1)

2. MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA and OARE and the Internet • Instructions - This part of the: • course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts. • module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use.

3. Table of Contents • Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE, aRDi • Basic Internet Concepts • Structure of the Internet • Common Internet Protocols • Technical Requirements for HINARI

4. http://www.research4life.org/

5. Objectives of Research4Life (R4L) • To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community • To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals • Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

6. HINARI (HealthAccess to Research programme) • Online portal to publishers • Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA • Free/Low cost to 109 countries • Over 7000 journals / 200 publishers • Medicine and health • 4200+ institutions registered • Data: 04 2010

7. AGORA(Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) • Online portal to publishers • Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA • Free/Low cost to 105 countries • 2500 journals / 75 publishers • Agriculture, food fisheries and related sciences • 2000 institutions registered • Data: 2011 07 • www.aginternetwork.org/en/

9. OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) • Online portal to access environmental information • Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University • Free/Low cost to 109 countries • Over 3900 journals / 75 publishers and scholarly societies • Environment and related sciences • 1800 institutions registered • Data: 2011 08 • www.oaresciences.org/en/

11. aRDi(Access to Research for Development and Innovation) • Launched in July 2009, aRDi is a program developed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and its publishing partners in the fields of science and technology • For developing countries – to support global knowledge economy and creation/development of new solutions to technical challenges on local and global level • Became R4L partner program - July 2011 • Eligible institutions are patent offices and academic and research institutions • 12 publishers; access to over 50 journals for 107 countries • http://www.wipo.int/ardi/en/

13. Eligibility (01 2012) • Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1600 or HDI (human development index) less than 0.63 are eligible for free access (Band 1/Group A) • Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1601-$5000 or HDI less than 0.67 pay a fee of $1000 per year (Band 2/Group B) • Some publishers opt out of this option and do not allow access to their journals • For details, see www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/

14. Who is Eligible for HINARI-AGORA-OARE?

15. HINARI Registrations per Country

16. Primary Target Audiences • Eligible categories of institutions are: • national universities • research institutes • professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry) • teaching hospitals • government: ministries and agencies • national medical libraries • locally based non-governmental agencies • All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

17. Principal Publishers Elsevier Science Springer Wiley-Blackwell Sage Taylor & Francis Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins BioOne Oxford University Press Nature Publishing Other science/technical/ medical publishers Program Partners World Health Organization - WHO Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP Yale University Library Mann Library/Cornell University International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa National Library of Medicine Microsoft Librarians Without Borders®/MLA Partners

18. What is the Internet? • Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards • Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) • Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) • Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15th century!

19. Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

20. Internet Growth • Exponential growth for the last few years • In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet • Hardware costs are decreasing year on year • While the recent increase of usage in developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

22. Internet Architecture • Web is based on a client/server architecture using • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Set of rules for communication between Web clients and servers • Code is located inside <……> • <a href=“http://www.who.int/hinari”>HINARI</a> tells the web browser to open the HINARI website Give me file x Computer on the Internet holding information - remote “server” Here it is Desktop computer - “client”

23. Server/Client Interface SERVERS Hardware + Software Software Protocols CLIENTS Hardware + Software

24. Internet Services • The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options) • Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals) • Communication (E-mail) • Retrieval/information transfer (File Transfer Protocol - FTP)

25. The World-Wide Web • WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web • Often what people mean by the Internet • Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and documents dynamically and interactively • Uses hypertext markup language - HTML • The WWW is a global standard • Can use text, graphics, sound and video • Anyone can link to and make use of the web

26. Delivery: Dial Up Connection DIAL-UP CONNECTION • Speed of connection • modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per second • dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP) • quality of telephone line International Gateway Link Phone Line Internet ISP Server Client Computer With Modem • Speed of line • Quality of line

27. Delivery: Broadband Connection FULL – TIME CONNECTION Leased Line Permanent Connection Internet LAN Server • Speed of line • Quality of line Local Area Network • Speed of connection – LAN Server speed – Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to 1.0 Mbit/s) – Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite) LAphone line

28. Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth) • Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry (bandwidth) • Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if • information must cross long distances • too much traffic on cable • capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances too much traffic on the cable cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

29. Internet Requirements for HINARI • 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. • A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. • Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. • Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0

30. Web Browser • Browser is the software that is used to view the Web • Standard browser features • scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh • Navigation - in built features • back, forward, home, go to, yes, no • Search on a single web page • Multiple Web browser windows • Besides Internet Explorer, there are other options

31. http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox

32. Browser Customization • Toolbar options • Link to a specific homepage • Using the right click mouse button • Using favorites or bookmarks • Adding • Organizing • Editing

33. Adobe Reader for PDFs • You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format). • Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site: • http://getadobe.com/reader/

34. http://get.adobe.com/reader/

35. Java • You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI • Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website: http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

36. http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

37. The Internet Address or URL This page is being viewed with an Internet Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML. In this example we have entered the URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for the HINARI website and clicked on the ENTER or RETURN key.

38. Hypertext links Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

39. Forward and back navigation buttons The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

40. Home page button The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page. This is the end of Module 1.1 There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 2011 08