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GENETIC ENGINEERING

This presentation provides an overview of genetic engineering, including its definitions, aims, examples in food production and medicine, advantages and disadvantages, ethical concerns, ecological impacts, gene therapy, and genetic counseling. Discover the latest research, reliable sources, and educational videos on this topic.

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

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  1. GENETIC ENGINEERING Prepared By: Miss Andrea Veira 28th February, 2011. http://www.dailygalaxy.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/09/23/gm_food_4.jpg

  2. Definitions In Context • Genetic Engineering (GE)- process of changing genetic structure of cells in a laboratory by changing DNA inside a cell so that it synthesises different proteins. • Transgenic Organism- one which receives genes from another.

  3. What Can GE Do? http://www.toonpool.com/user/1819/files/genetic_engineering_227885.jpg http://www.hgalert.org/pix/lookHear.gif

  4. So What’s The Aim Of GE? • To remove a desirable gene from one organism and place it into another organism so that its characteristics are expressed in the host organism.

  5. Good Or Bad? http://www.madeformums.com/uploads/images/Large/6610.jpg http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3WhKS-n9dWRuidtxq314CfALfFkX3gjtObpHXrR4HoHUzPnRMIw&t=1 http://www.spiegel.de/img/0,1020,934167,00.jpg

  6. Examples Of GE: • Food Production • Medicine

  7. GE And Food Production • Used to get desired crops or plants • Eg. resistance to herbicides • Agrobacterium tumefaciens; ideal cell for introducing desirable genes into host cells.

  8. Taken From: CXC Biology, Atwaroo-Ali

  9. GE (Other Examples In Food Production): • Nitrogen fixation in plants not associated with N-fixing bacteria. • Genes for plants to have resistance to insect pests. • Hybrid plants (eg. tomato and potato) • Improving animals by manipulating embryo.

  10. GE (Other Examples In Food Production): • Healthier farm animals with higher yields eg. BST (Bovine somatotropin)- stimulates growth and increased milk production • Virus resistant papaya • Golden rice • Transgenic salmon

  11. GE and Medicine:Insulin Production Years Ago • Insulin taken from slaughtered pigs and cattle • Problems: allergies, expensive and chemically different to human insulin

  12. What Did Scientists Try? • GE Insulin Advantages • No allergies • Cheaper • Same as human insulin

  13. Other Examples In Medicine: • Production of HGH (Human Growth Hormone) • Production of Calcitonin • Antibody production against cancer • Production of interferons effective against viral diseases

  14. Good And Or Bad? http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/0803/genetic-engineering-horse-pigeon-genetic-engineering-wtf-demotivational-poster-1205116548.jpg

  15. Advantages And Disadvantages Of GE? SOCIAL • Is it correct to eat foods that are mixed up genetically with other organisms? • Are there risks? • Do we want populations with certain eye colours?

  16. Advantages And Disadvantages Of GE? Ethical • Are we interfering with God’s work? • Who decides what features we should have or even our neighbours’ pets and garden plants? • Should we really be using animals for research? Would we want to be used even if risks were involved? What could these risks be?

  17. Advantages And Disadvantages Of GE? Ecological • How does GE affect our food chains, animals, plants and trophic levels? • Are we releasing viruses and bacteria into our environments that can harm us and the environment?

  18. Good Or Bad? http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aRY-8dSGN2Y/TOrVc4qH14I/AAAAAAAAAKQ/W5wHVrqlAmg/s1600/comic7.gif

  19. Gene Therapy Control diseases caused by faulty genes. What are examples of these disease? How can we control these diseases?

  20. Genetic Counselling Discussion with counsellor about: • Family Medical History • Blood Testing • Likelihood of Genetic Diseases Passing to Offspring • Dangers of sickness and death • Choice of mate and influence to offspring • Opportunities to have offspring inspite of genetic disease

  21. Links Go online and develop your research skills. Search for Genetic Engineering or any of the subtopics discussed in this powerpoint using www.google.com Pay attention to the sites. The most reliable are .org or .edu links. You may also visit youtube and see if there are any videos of worth.

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