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Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism

Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism. 1500-1603. Focus of Chapter. Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Classical studies and Late Medieval lay piety. Reformation Counter-Reformation Late Mannerism. Northern Humanism.

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Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism

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  1. Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism 1500-1603

  2. Focus of Chapter • Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Classical studies and Late Medieval lay piety. • Reformation • Counter-Reformation • Late Mannerism

  3. Northern Humanism • Study of Christian writings and Greco-Roman classics • Emphasis on simplicity and Christ’s teachings • Rabelais – French humanist • Marguerite of Angouleme • Erasmus – most influential humanist of the period. Author of The Praise of Folly

  4. The Northern Renaissance • The culture of sixteenth century Northern Europe • Northern Renaissance literature • Montaigne – Essays • Shakespeare – Renaissance and Mannerist plays

  5. Northern Renaissance Painting • Influence of Protestant Reformation on painting • Secular subjects

  6. Durer • Paintings (portraits) and engravings

  7. Durer

  8. Durer

  9. Durer

  10. Durer

  11. Grunewald • Isenheim Altarpiece

  12. Bosch

  13. Peter Bruegel

  14. Bruegel

  15. The Protestant Reformation • Causes: • Radical reshaping of Western society • Spiritual yearnings of human beings • Historical trends occurring during the Middle Ages • Corruption and abuses in the church • Rise of sovereign states • Decay of medieval thought • Revival of humanism

  16. Luther • In 1517, published his Ninety-five Theses against sale of indulgences, the sacraments, and authority of the pope • In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther • Luther’s beliefs • Salvation comes from God’s grace, not good works • Sole source of authority was the Bible, not Pope • Retained only two sacraments: baptism and communion • Translated Bible into vernacular • Married Katherine von Bora

  17. Luther

  18. Calvin • Institutes of the Christian Religion • Belief in predestination • Government subordinate to the state • Calvinism was the most international of the new sects

  19. John Calvin

  20. The Reform of the English Church • In 1529, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heir • When the pope denied his request, Henry declared himself head of the Church of England • Anglican beliefs are summarized in the Thirty-nine Articles • Elizabeth became queen and head of the English Church.

  21. King Henry VIII

  22. Queen Elizabeth

  23. The Counter Reformation • Roman Catholic Reform Movement • Three fronts • Reformed papacy • New Monastic Orders • Council of Trent • Church’s unyielding position

  24. Late Mannerism and the Baroque • Influenced by the Counter-Reformation • Arts and music should be accessible to everyone • Sole aim of art was to serve the Church • A simplified art that spoke to the masses • This didn’t happen until the Baroque Period • Late Mannerist art was too complex

  25. El Greco • His paintings embody the spirit of Late Mannerism • Spanish • Spiritual vision • Elongated bodies, sharp lines, luminous colors

  26. El Greco

  27. El Greco

  28. El Greco

  29. El Greco

  30. Tintoretto • Feverish, emotional style • Last Supper

  31. Tintoretto

  32. Tintoretto

  33. Extra Credit Assignments for this Chapter • Read Erasmus, In Praise of Folly and write a response • Read Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and write a response • Read Hamlet or watch a version of Hamlet and write a response

  34. Required Assignments for this chapter • Watch Luther DVD and write a response

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