Respirators and Dust Hazards

1. Respirators andDust Hazards

2. Introduction • What is Dust? • How is Dust generated? • What types of Dust are there? • Why is Dust Control necessary? • What are the Health Hazards of Dust? • How can Dust be controlled?

3. What is Dust? One Micron-Size Dust Particle on a Pin Head

4. How is Fresh Dust Generated? • When Ore is Broken by: • Impact • Abrasion • Crushing • Grinding • What ore sizing equipment do you have at your work site?

5. How is Dust Recirculated? • Release of previously generated dust during such processing operations as: • Loading • Dumping • Transferring • What types of Loading, Dumping, or Transferring Equipment do you have?

6. How is Dust Recirculated? • Also, dust can be recirculated by: • Wind • Movement of Workers • Movement of Equipment • What activities or conditions kick up dust at your mine?

7. Dust Classification • Fibrogenic Dust (Causes Disease) • Crystalline Silica (Quartz) • Asbestos • Beryllium • Nuisance Dust - Dust that does not contain harmful quantities of asbestos & less than 1% quartz.

8. Dust Classification by Size • Dust is classified by size into two primary categories. • Respirable Dust • Inhalable Dust

9. Inhaleable Dust • Dust that enters the body, but is trapped in the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract.

10. 100 50 0 10 0 5 Particle Size in Microns Respirable Dust • Dust particles small enough (less than 10 Microns) to penetrate past the upper respiratory tract and deep into the lungs. Percent of Particles going deep into the Lungs

11. Dust & the Respiratory System Human Respiratory System

12. Why Control Dust? • Health Hazards • Occupational respiratory diseases • Irritation to eyes, nose, throat • Skin irritation • Damage to Equipment • Impaired Visibility • Community Relations • Can you think of other reasons?

13. Health Hazards • The harm Dust can cause depends on the following: • Dust Composition • Dust Concentration • Particle Size and Shape • Amount of Exposure Time • Excessive exposure to harmful dusts can cause Pneumoconiosis - a dust related lung disease.

14. Dust Related Deaths in Mich. • 1,426 deaths occurred from dust-related lung diseases in Michigan from 1968 to 1991. Information from NIOSH’s StateProfiles/Michigan Internet Web Site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mi.html

15. Dust Related Lung Diseases • Silicosis • Caused by Silica Dust • Black Lung • Caused by Coal Dust • Asbestosis • Caused by Asbestos Dust • Damage from these diseases is irreversible!

16. Controling Dust Exposure - Safer Machinery & Tools • Fully enclosing dusty processes. • Local exhaust ventilation/dust collection equipment. • Tools with dust extraction (vacuum) devices. • Using water to suppress dust. • Operator enclosures with an air filtration system. • Use abrasives other than sand for abrasive blasting.

17. Dust Control Systems

18. Dust Control Systems

19. Controling Dust Exposure - Safe Work Procedures • Wetting down dusty work areas or processes prior to work. • Working upwind of dust sources where possible. • Posting warning Signs where necessary. • Limiting Exposure time. • Training all employees on appropriate work procedures. • Good housekeeping practices.

20. Controling Dust Exposure - Respiratory Protection • Fit testing of all employees required to wear respiratory devices. • Training employees in the proper use of respiratory devices. • Making sure employees understand the hazards of dust and the importance of respirator use. • Regular checking and cleaning of non-disposable respirators.

21. Reasons for Repirators? • Certain Breathing conditions are hazardous to life and lung. • The air can be contaminated with: • Dusts, Mists, Fumes • Toxic Vapors • The air can have too little oxygen.

22. How do we control these Airborne Hazards? • First - Use Engineering Controls to eliminate the hazard. • Second - Use Administrative Controls to reduce exposure to the hazard. • Last - Use Respirators as a temporary protective measure until Engineering and Administrative Controls are in place.

23. 2 Basic Types of Respirators • Air Purifying Respirators • Used to filter out or neutralize contaminants • Examples: Dust; Organic Vapor • Air Supply Respirators • Used when there is a lack of oxygen, when the hazard is unknown or is undetectable by smell or taste. • Examples: Compressor & Hose; SCBA

24. Filtering Respirators • Particulates - Dusts, Mists & Fumes • New Classes; N, R, P; 95, 99, 100 • Non-Resistant(Oil), Resistant(Oil), (Oil) Proof • Toxins - Organics, Acids, etc. • Neutralizing or Absorbing • Filtering Respirators are Hazard Specific • Don’t expect one respirator to protect you from all hazards!

25. How long do Respirators last? • Particulate (Dust) Filtering Respirators • Change them when the breathing resistance gets high. • Toxin Filtering Respirators • Change when you first smell or taste a contaminant (Break-through)

26. Health Conditions that Interfere with Respirator Use • Heart Conditions • Asthma or other breathing problem • Claustrophobia (fear of enclosed space) • Missing Teeth

27. Other Conditions that can Interfere with Respirator Use • Contact Lenses • Eyeglass Temples (certain types) • Skullcaps (Beanies)

28. Respirators Used at Your Workplace • How to don your respirator. • Look at the manufacturer’s instructions. • How to clean & Maintain your respirator. • Look at the manufacturer’s instructions. • How to Self-Fit Test your respirator. • Not possible with Filter-Face Types • Look at the manufacturer’s instructions.

29. Quiz • Silicosis is a disease whose effects can be reversed, given time. • True • False

30. Quiz • Dust respirator masks are not the preferred protection from dust because: • A. They can leak if not fitted properly. • B. They are uncomfortable to wear. • C. They cost very little. • D. Both A & B