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2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes

2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes. Culpepper, Eure, Grey, Fowler. Managing Off-Target Movement. 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables. Approximately 200,000 acres 45 different crops 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres

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2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes

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  1. 2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes Culpepper, Eure, Grey, Fowler

  2. Managing Off-Target Movement

  3. 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables Approximately 200,000 acres 45 different crops 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres Farm Gate Value: $1,200,000,000

  4. Percentage of Time Wind is < 10 MPH May 1 – June 30, 2012*

  5. Liberty Treatments (32 oz/A) Study 1: Morning Study 2: Evening 1 hr before sunrise 6 hr before sunset ½ hr before sunrise 4 hr before sunset At sunrise 2 hr before sunset ½ hr after sunrise 1 hr before sunset 1 hr after sunrise ½ hr before sunset 2 hr after sunrise At sunset 4 hr after sunrise ½ hr after sunset 6 hr after sunrise 1 hr after sunset

  6. Palmer Control by Liberty System as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA, LA, MS, NC, TN. 93 a 93 a 90 ab 82 b 66 c % 48 d 39 de 34 e 1 hr before sunrise 1/2 hr before sunrise sunrise 1/2 hr after sunrise 1 hr after sunrise 2 hr after sunrise 4 hr after sunrise 6 hr after sunrise Time of Day Liberty was Applied *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  7. Liberty Application Time of Day; Morning Application; GA 2 hr or after

  8. Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA and NC. 99 a 99 a 99 a 99 a 97 a 91 b 69 c 64 c % 6 hr before sunset 4 hr before sunset 2 hr before sunset 1 hr before sunset 1/2 hr before sunset sunset 1/2 hr after sunset 1 hr after sunset Time of Day Liberty was Applied *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  9. Liberty Application Time of Day; Evening Application; NC 2012 2 weeks after second POST application 2 hr before sunset 1 hr before sunset 1/2 hr before sunset 1 hr after sunset

  10. Time of Day Influence on 2,4-D

  11. Treatments Herbicides Time 1 AM 7 AM 1 PM 7 PM 2,4-D RU + 2,4-D Liberty Liberty + 2,4-D 2,4-D 1 qt/A; Roundup Wmax 1 qt/A; Liberty 29 oz/A

  12. Palmer Control by 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. 78 a 76 a % 41 b 37 b 7 PM 1 AM 7 AM 1 PM Time of Day 2,4-D Applied POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  13. Palmer Control by RU + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. 93 a 89 a % 39 b 32 b 7 PM 1 AM 7 AM 1 PM Time of Day RU + 2,4-D Applied POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  14. Palmer Control by Liberty Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. 99 a 95 a % 37 b 25 c 7 PM 1 AM 7 AM 1 PM Time of Day Liberty Applied POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  15. Palmer Control by Liberty + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. 99 a 96 a 93 a 57 b % 7 PM 1 AM 7 AM 1 PM Time of Day Liberty + 2,4-D Applied POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby

  16. GR Palmer Control 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 7 AM 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 1 PM

  17. GR Palmer Control 2,4-D w/ glufosinate fb 2,4-D w/ glufosinate 7 AM 2,4-D w/ glufosinate fb 2,4-D w/ glufosinate 1 PM

  18. Palmer Response to Dicamba Herbicides Time Clarity + Roundup Clarity + Liberty 5 AM 6:30 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM 11 AM Clarity 12 oz; Roundup WMAX 32 oz, Liberty 32 oz

  19. Palmer Response to Dicamba Herbicides Time Clarity + Roundup Clarity + Liberty 5 AM 6:30 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM 11 AM Liberty and WMAX at 5 and 11 AM Clarity 12 oz; Roundup WMAX 32 oz, Liberty 32 oz

  20. Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. 93 a 90 a 89 a 74 b 72 b % 11 AM 5 AM 6:30 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM Time of Day RU + Clarity Applied Palmer: 4 to 7 inch

  21. Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. 94 a 93 a 92 a 90 a 91 a 89 a 74 b 72 b 64 c 59 c % 11 AM 5 AM 6:30 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM Time of Day RU + Clarity or Liberty + Clarity Applied Palmer: 4 to 7 inch

  22. Roundup + Clarity 6:30 AM 5:00 AM

  23. Roundup + Clarity 9:30 AM 8:00 AM

  24. Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. 84 a % 26 b 11 AM 5 AM Time of Day Liberty Applied Palmer: 4 to 7 inch

  25. Palmer Control by Roundup as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. % 56 a 16 b 11 AM 5 AM Time of Day Roundup Applied Palmer: 4 to 7 inch

  26. Palmer Control by Roundup as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. HIGHLY RESISTANT POPULATION % 56 a 16 b 11 AM 5 AM Time of Day Roundup Applied Palmer: 4 to 7 inch

  27. Roundup WeatherMax 11 AM 8 AM

  28. Environmental Conditions Measured • Humidity • Temperature (air and soil) • Moon • Sunlight • Clouds • Leaf orientation • Dew (herbicide drip) • Soil moisture

  29. Leaf Closure Prior to Sunrise

  30. 14C Cooperative Efforts: Bayer : glufosinate Dow : 2,4-D Monsanto: dicamba (results late Jan)

  31. Questions/Comments

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