Safer Cities

1. Safer Cities Session 1World Bank InstituteFouad Bendimerad, Ph.D., P.E. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 1 1 1 1

2. Collision Between Development And Disasters • Disasters are NOT natural phenomena; they are the results of ill and unplanned development. • Rapid urbanization has increased societal vulnerability by locating more people in hazardous areas and housing population in unsafe construction. • In 2010, 8 out of the 10 largest cities will be in developing countries. • Cities are also characterized by fragile socio-economic systems caused by risk prone development practices, lack of awareness, and unprepared populations and institutions. • Together these correlated factors cause an increasing trend of social susceptibility and diminishing societal resilience. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 2

3. Impediments To Disaster Risk Reduction • Lack of mechanisms that mainstream disaster risk reduction within institutional functions. • Lack of capacity and inefficient use of resources. • Rigid bureaucratic structures not adapted to cross-organizational cooperation and integration. • Lack of knowledge of disaster risk factors. • Lack of awareness of population and institutions. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 3

4. From Disaster MNGT To Disaster Risk Reduction • Disaster Risk Management takes place when and if: • It is integrated within the agenda of each function of the local government; • It is coordinated and supported by the central government and governed by clear policies; • It integrates the participation of the active agents of society. • Such an integrated approach achieves disaster risk reduction through • Systemic implementation; • Sustainability; • Progressive action; • Cumulative contribution. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 4

5. Cross-organizational Integration Disaster management needs to be integrated with each local government function, in coordination with the central authorities and in partnership with the active agents of society. Central Authorities Civil Society Local Government Public Works Urban Planning CBO’s NGO’s Emergency Management Building and Construction Public Safety Social Services Financial Planning Education & Rec. Academia Business Media Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 5

6. Mechanisms for Implementation • Practically, the implementation of integrated disaster risk management can be achieved by putting in place two levels of coordination: • Policy-setting undertaken by high-level inter-agencies coordination committee; • Coordination and performance evaluation undertaken by the agency in charge of disaster management; • A comprehensive set of action plans should be put in place based on risk parameters developed via a competent Disaster Risk Assessment analysis. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 6

7. DRR – Local Government Intervention Disaster Risk Reduction Coherent Public Policy Actions: Based on rational risk parameters and broad consultation with stakeholders; consistent with central government policies Institutional Commitment: Commitment from governmental and non- governmental institutions to support policy implementation; cross-functional integration and understanding of distribution of responsibilities & resources. Commitment to Mitigation: Implementation of a process for competent construction and safe urban planning. Developing a Culture of Prevention: Involving the stakeholders; communicating and raising awareness; improving governance and enhancing capacity. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 7

8. “DRMMP” Model The DRMMP concept is used by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality for the management of its earthquake risk Disaster Risk Assessment Risk Parameters Disaster Risk Management Master Plan “DRMMP” Mitigation and Prevention Action Plan Institutional Building Action Plan Preparedness and Awareness Action Plan Response and Recovery Action Plan Pilot Studies Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 8

9. Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA) • Risk Assessment should be undertaken with the highest level of detail and should encompass all risk components (Buildings, infrastructures, social losses, etc) • It should include : • The determination of high risk areas; • The determination of evacuation roads and potential for fires, explosions and hazardous material release; • A “consequence analysis” to interpret impact on institutions and key services, and to understand capacity and resource gaps. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 9

10. Building a Framework for Implementation • Build internal capability to understand risk , to communicate it to stakeholders and to develop parameters for sound public policy. • Develop coalitions involving academia, business, media • Consult with stakeholders and allow for input from community • Start small – pilot studies are a good way to check and correct process. • Provide mechanisms for sustainability. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 10

11. Resilience and Sustainability No program will succeed without mechanisms for sustainability • Long term planning and coordination. • Ensuring resources and enhancing capacity. • Using community resources through partnerships. • Academia (most valuable resource); • Business and professional organizations; • Media; • Community organizations; • Turning “demand” into “Supply” or “Liability “ into “Assets” through communication and outreach Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 11