By Claudio Stanzani, Managing Director of SDA a.s.b.l. – Social Development Agency 2010

1. Trade union culture and structure in Europe By Claudio Stanzani, Managing Director of SDA a.s.b.l. – Social Development Agency 2010

2. UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT LO DGB UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT TCO LO LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT SACO UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT CGT TUC CGT-FO UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT CFDT UNSA CFTC status sector politics religion profession

3. UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT ABVV/FGTB ACV/CSC ACLVB/CGSLB CGIL UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT UIL CISL Italy: politics and religion • Belgium: politics and religion / regional

4. DGB UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT GERMANY Sector

5. DGBDGB membership now stands at 8 unions, representing nearly 9 million people • IG Bauen-Agrar-UmweltConstruction-agriculture-enviroment • IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie • Mining, Chemicals, Energy • Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft • Education and Science • IG MetallMetalworkers

6. DGB/2 • Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gaststätten • Food, Beverages and Catering • Gewerkschaft der Polizei • Police • TRANSNET Railway Workers • Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft e. V. (ver.di) • United Services Union

7. DGB/3 • DGB 14 regional areas

8. UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT TUC UNITED KINGDOM Profession

9. TUC (1868) • TUC membership now stands at 58 unions, representing nearly six and a half million people

10. TUC Congress • The policy making body of the TUC is the annual Congress which meets for four days each year during September. Each affiliated union can send delegates to Congress - the larger the union, the more it can send. At Congress 'motions' (resolutions for debate) are proposed and discussed. These form the basis of the TUC's work for the next year. • Congress 2009 • This years Congress at the BT Convention Centre in Liverpool is now over, you can view the text of the decisions and the unedited verbatim reports of the daily sessions. More information • Congress 2010 will be held from the 13th - 16th September in Manchester

11. TUC/2 In the Regions • The TUC has officers in eight locations in England, Wales and Scotland who service Regional Councils and the Wales TUC. The TUCs regional staff represent the TUC by supporting TUC campaigns and objectives and seeking the views of trade unions in the regions. TUC regional education officers organise a programme of accredited courses for stewards, safety representatives, pension scheme trustees and other trade union representatives. • 8 regional areas: • - Scotland • - Yorkshire and Humberside • Northern • North West - Midlands - Wales - Southern and Eastern - South West

12. UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT CGIL UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT CISL UIL ITALY politics religion Debate on union unification

13. ITALY • CGIL – CISL – UIL: nearly 10,5 million peoples • Institutionalisation of relationships between employers, unions and the state: concertation • Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level • High membership (+- 40%) • High level of retired people affiliated to unions (+/- 50% of the membership) • A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement

14. UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT TCO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT SACO SWEDEN Status

15. In Sweden three UNIONS • LO-S • TCO • SACO Status: blue-collar workers Membership: 1.855.000 Unions: 18 Status: white-collar workers Membership: 1.049.000 Unions: 18 Status: professional workers Membership: 321.000 Unions: 25

16. UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT CGT (1895) CGT-FO (1948) UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT CFDT (1964) CGC (1945) CFTC (1919) UNSA (1993) FRANCE politics religion

17. FRANCE • The crisis of French trade unionism is occuring in three areas: • recruitment • representation • activism

18. UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT LO LO LO LO GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT ABVV/FGTB ACV/CSC ACLVB/CGSLB UNION SYNDICAT LO GEWERKSCHAFT BELGIUM politics religion / regional

19. BELGIUMpragmatism and pluralism • A model of democratic corporatism (socio-economic policy) is developed within a centralised, national consultative system • Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level • High membership (+- 60%) • A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement (CLA)

20. UNION SYNDICAT CTI GEWERKSCHAFT Union density > 55 % 45 - 55 % 35 - 45 % 15 - 35 % < 15 %

21. TRADE UNIONS DENSITY IN THE EU

22. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING COVERAGE2005

23. GEWERKSCHAFT CTI UNION SYNDICAT Multi Central Industry Industry Industry Branche Branche Branche Company Company Company Company Company Company Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Basisofcollectivebargaining

24. Works Council UNION SYNDICAT UNION SYNDICAT CTI CTI Comité d’entreprise GEWERKSCHAFT GEWERKSCHAFT Betriebsrat Workplace employee representation body

25. Workplace employee representation body

26. Betriebsrat Works Council Comité d’entreprise

27. Employees only Employees and employer (and/or other management representatives) Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus(N), Cyprus (S), Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom Belgium, Denmark, France, Luxembourg Composition of body

28. only mix Composition of body

29. In all firms from 5 employees from 10 employees from 15 employees from 20 employees from 35 employees from 50 employees from 100 employees from 150 employees no obligation: by voluntary agreement on request Finland (1), Sweden Germany(2), Austria, Cyprus (S) Cyprus (N) Italy (3), Romania (4) Slovenia, Denmark Greece, Spain, France, Netherlands (5), Hungary Belgium (6) Luxembourg Ireland, United Kingdom, Estonia, Portugal, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, Turkey, Malta Lithuania (7), Latvia,Poland (8) Prescribed threshold for establishing the body

30. Employee delegates Health and safety committee or representative Representation on board of directors or supervisory board Spain, France, Luxembourg All countries (1) Slovenia, Netherlands, Sweden, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic,Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Poland, Greece(2),Ireland(2),Luxembourg,Romania (3) Other forms of workplace employee representation

31. Representation on board of directors or Représentation au Vertretung im conseil supervisory board Aufsichts- / Verwaltungsrat d'administration ou de surveillance

32. public

33. Central Works Council - Comité de groupe Gesamt-/ Konzernbetriebsrat

34. possible

35. legal basis

36. Legislation Collective agreement Collective agreement and legislation Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain Cyprus (N), Cyprus (S), Denmark, Sweden, Malta, Turkey, United Kingdom(1), Ireland Belgium, Finland(2), Italy (1) Finland: Codetermination determined by legislation but shop stewards only by interproffessional agreeement Legal basis of the bodies