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Awareness-Level Lesson 1 Presentation. Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3 rd Ed. Haz Mat Incidents. Involve a substance that: Poses an unreasonable risk to: People Environment Property Has been or may be released from a container May be on fire
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Awareness-Level Lesson 1 Presentation Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.
Haz Mat Incidents • Involve a substance that: • Poses an unreasonable risk to: • People • Environment • Property • Has been or may be released from a container • May be on fire • Will be more complex than a “routine” incident Awareness Level
Other Emergencies • Do not involve the release of a hazardous substance Awareness Level
Awareness-Level Training Requirements • Governmental agencies • OSHA and EPA • U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP) • Requirements of authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Awareness-Level Training Requirements • NFPA Standards • NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents • NFPA 471, Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents • NFPA 473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Awareness-Level Responsibilities • Recognizing the presence or potential presence of a hazardous material • Recognizing container type and identifying material • Transmitting information to appropriate authority and calling for assistance • Identifying actions to protect self and others • Establishing scene control Awareness Level
U.S. Agencies Regulating Hazardous Materials • Department of Transportation (DOT) • Hazardous materials in all modes of transport • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • States and tribes enforce compliance • Department of Labor • OSHA issues legislation regarding worker safety • Nuclear Regulatory Commission • Regulates nuclear and radioactive materials Awareness Level
Canadian Agencies Regulating Hazardous Materials • Transport Canada (TC) • Environment Canada • Health Canada • Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Awareness Level
Products Most OftenInvolved in Haz Mat Incidents • Flammable/combustible liquids • Corrosives • Anhydrous ammonia • Chlorine Awareness Level
Hazardous Materials States • Hazardous materials may be: • Elements • Compounds • Mixtures • May be found in gaseous, liquid, or solid states or a combination of these states (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Hazardous Materials States (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Hazardous Materials Hazards • May present a direct threat to health or pose physical hazards • Hazards range from insignificant to catastrophic • Exposure may be acute or chronic • Health effects can be acute or chronic Awareness Level
Hazardous Materials Behavior • Behavior of hazardous material — A material’s physical state, flammability, boiling point, chemical reactivity, and other properties • Affect how it behaves • Determine harm • Influence effects of hazardous material Awareness Level
Open flames Static electricity Existing pilot lights Electrical sources Internal combustion engines Heated surfaces Cutting and welding operations Potential Ignition Sources at Haz Mat Scenes (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Radiant heat Heat caused by friction or chemical reactions Cigarettes Cameras Road flares Potential Ignition Sources at Haz Mat Scenes (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Potential Ignition Sources in Explosive Atmospheres • Opening or closing a switch or electrical circuit • Turning on a flashlight • Operating a radio • Activating a cell phone Awareness Level
Thermal Radiological Asphyxiation Chemical Etiological Mechanical Psychological NFA Categories of Hazardous Materials Hazards Awareness Level
Thermal Mechanical Poisonous Corrosive Asphyxiation Radiation Etiologic Psychological NFPA Categories of Hazardous Materials Hazards Awareness Level
Thermal Hazards — Cold Temperatures • Cryogenic and liquefied gases • Freeze burns and cold injuries • Anhydrous ammonia • Cold injuries • Vapors are toxic and may catch fire Awareness Level
Thermal Hazards — Elevated Temperatures • A concern when dealing with materials such as molten sulphur and molten aluminum • High temperature materials can ignite flammable/combustible materials • Thermal burn types include first, second, and third degree burns Awareness Level
Radiological Hazards • A concern at facilities such as medical centers, industrial operations, nuclear power plants, and research facilities, and terrorist attacks • Damage cells and can cause noticeable health effects Awareness Level
Asphyxiation Hazards • Asphyxiants affect the oxygenation of the body and lead to suffocation • Simple asphyxiants — Gases that displace the oxygen necessary for breathing • Chemical asphyxiants — Substances that prohibit the body from using oxygen Awareness Level
Chemical Hazards • Produce a wide range of adverse health effects depending on: • Toxicity of the chemical • Route of exposure • Nature and extent of exposure • Factors that affect the susceptibility of the exposed person (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Chemical Hazards • Local toxic effect — A chemical injury at the site of contact • Systemic effects — Effects produced when a toxic chemical is absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to other parts of the body (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Etiological Hazards • Exposure to a living microorganism that causes, or may cause, human disease that may be severe and disabling Awareness Level
Mechanical Hazards • Direct contact with an object • Can be mild, moderate, or severe • Striking injuries • Friction injures (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Mechanical Hazards BLEVEs and other explosions can cause mechanical trauma. (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Psychological Hazards • Acute stress disorder — Symptoms appear within the first 30 days and do not last more than 4 weeks • Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms — Occur 30 days to years after the event Awareness Level
Routes of Entry • Inhalation — Breathing through the nose or mouth • Ingestion — Through the mouth by means other than simple inhalation • Injection — Through a puncture or break in the skin (1 of 3) Awareness Level
Routes of Entry • Absorption — Through the skin or eyes • Penetration — Radioactive particles and energy waves (2 of 3) Awareness Level
Routes of Entry Chemicals often have multiple routes of entry. (3 of 3) Awareness Level
Summary • Hazardous materials incidents pose significant hazards to first responders. Awareness-Level first responders must know their primary responsibilities and their limitations in dealing with hazardous materials incidents. • Hazardous materials are regulated in both the U.S. and Canada by a number of agencies. (1 of 2) Awareness Level
Summary • Hazardous materials may be classified by their hazard. The NFA and NFPA have categories of hazardous materials classifications. • Hazardous materials pose significant health hazards that can range from minor to severe and even fatal. • Hazardous materials can enter the body through a number of routes. (2 of 2) Awareness Level
Homework • 1. Which one of the following statements about hazardous materials incidents is true? • A. Hazardous materials incidents are no more complex than routine incidents. • B. Governmental agencies are not involved in regulating hazardous materials. • C. They do not require any special training for responders to the incident. • D. They involve a substance that poses an unreasonable risk to people, the environment and/or property. • 2. Which governmental agency requires responders to hazardous materials incidents to meet specific training requirements? • A. Environmental Protection Agency B. Federal Trade Commission • C. Bureau of Hazardous Materials D. Consumer Product Safety Commission • 3. What NFPA standard applies to responders to hazardous materials incidents? • A. NFPA 275 B. NFPA 351 C. NFPA 472 D.NFPA 1100 Awareness Level
Homework • 4. Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the Awareness-Level first responder? • A. Implementing a plan of action • B. Beginning offensive actions at the incident • C. Recognizing the presence or potential presence of a hazardous material • D. Determining the extent of potential harm from the incident • 5. Which of the following products are most likely to be involved in a hazardous materials incident? • A. Organic solids B. Plastics C. Synthetics • D. Flammable/combustible liquids • 6. Which of the following factors has the greatest impact on the severity of a hazardous materials incident? • A. Type and quantity of material involved C. Time of release • B. Location of the release D. Speed of release Awareness Level
Homework • 7. Which of the following would be a potential ignition source at a hazardous materials incident? • A. Synthetic clothing B. Road flares • C. Debris D. Foam fire extinguishers • 8. Which of the following would not be a potential ignition source in an explosive atmosphere? • A. Operating a radio B. Turning on a flashlight • C. Taking off gloves D. Opening or closing a switch • 9. Which of the following NFA categories refers to harm from exposure to a living microorganism? • A. Etiological B. Thermal C. Radiological D. Chemical Awareness Level
Homework • 10. Which of the following NFA categories refers to harm from the result of exposure to the extremes of heat and cold? • A. Etiological B. Thermal C. Radiological D. Chemical • 11. Which of the following are substances that prohibit the body from using oxygen? • A. Simple asphyxiants B. Primary asphyxiants • C. Chemical asphyxiants D. Organic asphyxiants • 12. Which of the following would be the most likely hazard when responding to incidents at medical centers and research facilities? • A. Radiological B. Thermal C. Mechanical D. Psychological Awareness Level
Homework • 13. Which of the following does not determine the severity of a chemical hazard? • A. Toxicity of the chemical B. Route of exposure • C. Nature and extent of exposure D. Time of day • 14. Which of the following routes of entry refers to the process of taking in materials by breathing through the nose or mouth? • A. Ingestion B. Inhalation C. Absorption D. Penetration • 15. Which of the following refers to damage that occurs as a result of direct contact with an object? • A. Radiological B. Thermal • C. Mechanical D. Psychological Awareness Level
Awareness-Level Lesson 1 Presentation Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.