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Council and EU decision-making from an enlargement perspective.
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Council and EU decision-makingfrom an enlargement perspective *Pierpaolo Settembri is an official at the General Secretariat of the Council of theEuropean Union. The views he expresses are purely personal and may not in anycircumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the Council From Istanbul to Brussels: Dialogue on Turkey’s accession to the EU Fondation Universitaire, Brussels (3 March 2009) Pierpaolo Settembri*
Sources • P. Settembri (2007), The surgery succeeded. Has the patient died? The impact of enlargement on the European Union, Jean Monnet Working Paper 04/07 • E. Best, T. Christiansen and P. Settembri (eds.), The Institutions of the Enlarged European Union: Continuity and Change (Edward Elgar, 2008)
Analytical Framework Common questions • assimilation / adaptation / transformation Change at what level ? • intra- / inter-institutional • within and between different sub-systems Change in what ways ? • formal / informal ( rules / procedures / practices ) • anticipation / reaction • deliberate / de facto
Research Design • “Before-after”: 2 pictures of the EU • No prior hypotheses • Data – 2 years of “normal” decision-making (2003 & 2005/6) – Almost 1000 “acts” – Over 30,000 observations
Starting Point Acts adopted at the EU level, by type
Council: deadlock? Stable global legislative output, but … Number of acts that are ‘legally binding in or for the Member States’ adopted before/after enlargement, by voting rule
Council: contestation Stable level of “contestation”: Average number of states abstaining or opposing the adoption of Community legislation under QMV, by importance
Council: speed (1) Decision-making is more expedite, but… Average number of days necessary to adopt Community legislation by importance
Council: speed (2) … it depends on the procedure: Average number of days necessary to adopt Community legislation by procedure
Council: deliberation Discussions by ministers are less frequent: Average number of discussions as ‘B points’ in the Council per Community act by importance
Decision-making: output Only “minor acts” increase: Importance of Community acts adopted before/after enlargement
Decision-making: legislative “quality” The content of legislation changes: Average length of Community legislation by importance of act and procedure
Conclusion • The EU has proved to be a flexible system (without any treaty revision) • What the EU produces and the way it operates indicate the appearance of some trends: • legislation is shaped by an increased variety of interests: the level of output is affected and its content is somewhat altered • The main arena where these changes are detectable is the codecision procedure • Future research should look into the ongoing evolution of the codecision procedure