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Bernhard H. Walke, Ian Herwono, Ralf Pabst, Daniel Schultz Aachen University,

The Wireless Media System: A Mobile Broadband System with invisible Infrastructure and low Radio Exposure of Humans. Bernhard H. Walke, Ian Herwono, Ralf Pabst, Daniel Schultz Aachen University, Communication Networks Adhoc’03 Workshop, May 06, 2003, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Bernhard H. Walke, Ian Herwono, Ralf Pabst, Daniel Schultz Aachen University,

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  1. The Wireless Media System:A Mobile Broadband System with invisible Infrastructure and low Radio Exposure of Humans Bernhard H. Walke, Ian Herwono, Ralf Pabst, Daniel SchultzAachen University, Communication Networks Adhoc’03 Workshop, May 06, 2003, Stockholm, Sweden

  2. Outline of the Presentation • Future Wireless Network Requirementsand Objectives of the Wireless Media System • System Overview • Why Infrastructure Based Fixed Relays? • Multi-Hop Concepts based on FRs • Conclusions

  3. Requirements for Future Wireless Networks / WMS Objectives • Mobile Broadband at Hot Areas (home/business/outdoor), <1Gbps • Limited mobility/Low cost/low power Terminals • Low cost Access Points with simple directive antennas • Wired/wireless connection of APs to the core network • Spectrumefficient air I/Fwith link adaptation and power control • Interference aware MAC protocols for higher capacity and lower transmission power • Dynamic Frequency Band Selection • End-to-End QoS Support • Low radio exposure of humans & invisible infrastructure • Multi-Hop transmission based on Relay Stations to • trade capacity against radio range • Extend the radio access to shadowed areas • Ad hoc communication / self-organisation capabilities

  4. Outline of the Presentation • Future Wireless Network Requirements and Objectives of the Wireless Media System (WMS) • System Overview • Why Infrastructure Based Fixed Relays? • Multi-Hop Concepts based on FRs • Wrap-Up / Conclusions

  5. Scenario:Hot Area Service (outdoor) The concept was proposed inB. Walke, G. Briechle: A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data Transmission at 60 GHz. Proc. Intern. Conference on Cellular and Mobile Communications, London, Nov. 1985, Online Publication, pp. 215-225

  6. Scenario: Home (indoor) 1. 1. FixedNetwork(Internet) 2. 3. Home SOHO Wireless Relay Station (Fixed or Ad Hoc)

  7. Indoor Multi-Hop Application: Office Floor Channel Group 1 Channel Group 2 Access Point FWR 1 1 2 Clustering Example(multi-story building) 2

  8. Example of a 2-Hop-Cell (in/outdoors) Area deployment of 2-Hop-Cells (in/outdoors) Channel Group 1 Channel Group 2 Cellular multi-hop coverage Trade Fair Ground Block Access Point FWR

  9. Example: Area Coverage with 3-Hop cells Channel Group 1 Channel Group 2 Building Access Point 1st FWR 2nd FWR

  10. Outline of the Presentation • Future Wireless Network Requirements and Objectives of the Wireless Media System (WMS) • System Overview • Why Infrastructure Based Fixed Relays? • Multi-Hop Concepts based on FRs • Conclusions

  11. Extension of the Range of an AP by a Fixed Relay Station with receive Antenna Gain The multi-hop concept scales extremly well and is able to trade the capacity of an AP against radio coverage range Throughput Envelope under LOS conditions and/or with receive antenna gain at APs and FWRs Throughput Envelope under NLOS conditions

  12. Throughput / Range Gain under Multi-Hop with Directive (11dB gain) Antennas and LOS A HiperLAN2 conformant time-domain forwarding Concept is applied • Red:Envelope of 1 Hop-Throughput • Green:Envelope of 2 Hop-Throughput EP = Relay Station

  13. Throughput / Range Gain under Multi-Hop with Shadowing A HiperLAN2 conformant time-domain forwarding Concept is applied • Red:Envelope of 1 Hop-Throughput • Green:Envelope of 2 Hop-Throughput (“radio coverage around the corner”) FWR = Fixes Wireless Relay

  14. Reduction of Radio Exposure of Humans (1) (a) (b) Downlink Interference (in dBm) for typical deployments and parameter settings (a) Manhattan grid placement of Broadband APs with cell radius of 100 m and Walfish-Ikegami propagation model; TX-power: 30dBm (1W) (b) UMTS: hexagonal cell layout (radius 500m), 40dBm Tx-power (10 W), Hata-Okumura propagation model

  15. Reduction of Radio Exposition for Humans (2) 0 10 UMTS cellular Wireless Broadband -1 CDF 10 -2 10 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 DL Interference [dBm] (a) (b) Distribution function of DL interference for wireless broadband and UMTSwith parameter settings as in previous slide

  16. The Access Points of the WMS are invisible (embedded to existent infastructure) Fixed Wireless Relays are attached to existing infrastructure like - signals posts at intersections - street lamps in down-town. Connecting to existent mains supply, no wired connection to fixed communication network. FWRs provide a cellular multi-hop based invisible infra-structure for wireless/mobile broadband communication with low radio exposure to humans. The system is embedded to a B3G cellular system.

  17. Outline of the Presentation • Future Wireless Network Requirements and Objectives of the Wireless Media System (WMS) • System Overview • Why Infrastructure Based Fixed Relays? • Multi-Hop Concepts based on FRs • Conclusions

  18. Relaying Concepts Fixed Relay: A Receiving from AP with Antenna Gain Channelgroup: f1 f1 f1 Internet LOS Fixed Relay: Receiving from AP with Antenna Gain: Channelgroup f1 B Transmission to Terminals: f2 Channel group (with 1 or 2 Tx) f2 f1 Internet LOS Fixed Wireless Router: Receiving from AP via Forwarder C Channel group: f2 f1 f2 f1 f2 Internet

  19. Outline of the Presentation • Future Wireless Network Requirements and Objectives of the Wireless Media System (WMS) • System Overview • Why Infrastructure Based Fixed Relays? • Multi-Hop Concepts based on FRs • Conclusions

  20. Conclusions • A concept for a Mobile Broadband system based on Fixed Relay Stations is presented • Relaying (multi-hop communication) provideshigher link capacity for areas with heavy shadowing • Relaying in time and frequency domains as well as patterns for wide area urban deployment has been introduced • The very high capacity available from Mobile Broadband Systems is traded against radio range • Relays are excellently suited to provide radio coverage to otherwise shadowed areas

  21. Service Architecture for Relay Based Multi-hop Networks using SIP Bernhard H. Walke, Ian Herwono, Ralf Pabst, Daniel SchultzAachen University, Chair of Communication Networks ANWIRE Workshop, April 22, 2003, Glasgow, UK

  22. Objectives • Provide low cost public broadband wireless access to terminals with low to medium velocity of movement. • Provide a “virtually” continuous radio connectivity, even though radio coverage is discontinuous • Combine broadcast, multicast and single cast to minimize the number of transmissions needed to provide contents requested by users • Exploit already existing technologies for: • Fast session setup and re-establishment • Pushing content to terminals at very high data rate

  23. Integration with cellular Radio CellularIntegration provides: • easy support for multicast data • Localization (mobility prediction) • AAA • Fall-back (expensive)

  24. Media Points in City Areas Wireless Terminal Stationary Usage Media Point Access in Cars or Public Transports Data Transfer while Walking Intelligent Service Control Media Point Internet Media Point Controller • Fragmentary radio coverage with route-optimized data provisioning inside the public cellular infrastructure • Use of license-exempt frequency spectrum • Provisioning of a low cost public broadband wireless Internet access realizable, especially for non-interactive services, e.g. e-mails, accessing favorite web pages, online music access, etc. WLAN Coverage Area UMTS Cell

  25. Media Point System Requirements • Fast and reliable session setup and re-establishment (session continuation) • Presence and location awareness of mobile users • Mechanism to “push” personalized user data incl. e-mails, multimedia files, to mobile terminals at a high data rate • Mechanism to delete cached data after the data has been “pushed” to user terminal or after timeout • Configurable user preferences to control data push service

  26. Intelligent Service Control System Components • Intelligent Service Controller: • User profile management • Retrieve contents from the Internet servers • Unicast/multicast formatted contents to appropriate MP controllers • Updating terminals’ location & presence info (in Cooperation with cellular) • MP Controllers: • Radio connection establishment • Caching and pushing content to terminals • Transceivers: • Provisioning of the wireless interface to terminals

  27. SIP as a means of pushing data • Although SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is primarily thought for signaling, it has the capabilities to carry everything (e.g. a HTML page) in its body with the use of MIME format. • * see, G. Pospischil, J. Stadler, and I. Miladinovic, “A location-based push architecture using SIP”, Wireless Personal Multimedia Communication 2001, Aalborg, Denmark.

  28. System Functionality and Scenario IntelligentService Control Predictive, preemptive caching strategies !?

  29. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Media Point • SIP is an application-layer control protocol for the creation and termination of multimedia sessions • Each user is uniquely identified by its SIP address, for example: sip:username@mpsc.comnets.rwth-aachen.de • In the Wireless Media System SIP is used for: • User’s location and presence management by means of SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY and REGISTER methods • Setup and termination of data push sessions by means of INVITE, ACK and BYE methods • Exchange of instant messages by means of MESSAGE method • A SIP User Agent (UA) is implemented in each system component (ISC, MPC, MT/Client) for handling the communications between the components • A SIP Presence Server (PS) is co-located in ISC for monitoring the presence and online status of each user

  30. Example: Mailbox Update Mechanism • A POP3 server is installed at MPSC and a local IMAP server is installed at client (laptop) • E-mails are downloaded by means of the “fetchmail” tool ISC Client/Laptop ComNets mail server Fetchmail POP3 server Fetchmail IMAP server E-mail client New mails Write to mailbox New mails New mails (headers) Write to mailbox

  31. Schematic Session Sequence • SIP-based signalling for "pushing" personalised data to a mobile terminal

  32. Acknowledgements • The work presented was • funded by the German federal ministry of Education and Research in the projects Multi-Hop and IPonAir • Carried out in co-operation with Ericsson Eurolab Deutschland

  33. Publications & References • N. Esseling: Extending the Range of HiperLAN/2 Cells in Infrastructure Mode using Forward Mobile Terminals. European Personal Mobile Communication Conference (EPMCC) 2001, Vienna, Session 23.1, February 2001 • N. Esseling, E. Weiss, A. Krämling, W. Zirwas: A Multi Hop Concept for HiperLAN/2: Capacity and Interference. In Proc. European Wireless 2002, Vol. 1, pp. 1-7, Florence, Italy, February 2002. available from www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/cnroot_engl.html/~publications • B. Walke, G. Briechle: A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data Transmission at 60 GHz. Proc. Intern. Conference on Cellular and Mobile Communications, London, Nov. 1985, Online Publication, pp. 215-225, available from www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/~Walke • B. Walke: On the Importance of WLANs for 3G Cellular Radio to Become a Success. In Proc. Aachen Symposium on Signal Theory, Aachen University (RWTH), VDE Verlag Wiesbaden, Sept. 2001, available from http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de • B. Walke: The Wireless Media System – a Candidate Next Generation System, Contribution to the 6th WWRF meeting, March 06-08, 2002, Tempe, Arizona, US • B. Walke, B. Xu: Design Issues of Self-organizing Broadband Wireless Networks. In Computer Networks, Vol. 37, pp. 73-81, 2001.

  34. Publications & References • G. Plitsis, R. Keller, J. Sachs, Realization of a Push Service for Media Points based on SIP, In Proceedings of The Fourth IEEE Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks, September 2002, Stockholm, Sweden • J. Rosenberg, et al, “SIP extensions for presence”, Internet Draft, September 2001 • J. Rosenberg, et al, “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol”, RFC 2543, February 2002 • B. Walke, I. Herwono, R. Pabst, D. Schultz, Service Architecture for Infrastructure Based Multi-hop Networks Based on SIP,. Proc. of the 7th WWRF workshop, Dec 2002, Eindhoven, Netherlands & Proc. Intern. Computer Communications Conf. (ICCT), April 2003, Beijing, China • B. Walke, I. Herwono, R. Pabst, D. Schultz, A Mobile Broadband System based on Fixed Wireless Routers,. Proc. of the 7th WWRF workshop, Dec 2002, Eindhoven, Netherlands & Proc. ICCT 2003, Beijing, China • B. Xu: Self-organizing Wireless Broadband Multi-hop Networks with QoS Guarantee. Ph.D. dissertation, Aachen University (RWTH), Communication Networks, June 2002.

  35. The End Thank You!Contact:walke@comnets.rwth-aachen.de

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