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Herbicide Resistance: Protecting the PPO’s

Herbicide Resistance: Protecting the PPO’s. Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist Dept. of Crop & Soil Sciences The University of Georgia. Herbicide Resistance Definition. WSSA definition

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Herbicide Resistance: Protecting the PPO’s

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  1. Herbicide Resistance:Protecting the PPO’s Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist Dept. of Crop & Soil Sciences The University of Georgia

  2. Herbicide ResistanceDefinition • WSSA definition • “the inherited ability of a plant to survive and reproduce following exposure to a dose of herbicide normally lethal to the wild type” ALS-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Peanuts

  3. Herbicide ResistanceWhy???? • Selection Pressure • Overuse of single product or MOA • Pollen Drift • Resistant trait moves thru pollen Palmer Amaranth Pollen

  4. PPO Inhibiting Herbicides • PPO or Protox • Protoporphyrinogen oxidase • Enzyme found in chloroplast and mitochondria needed for formation of chlorophyll • Cell membrane destruction • Many common herbicides have this mode of action!! • Ultra Blazer, Cobra, Goal, Reflex, Ronstar, Resource, Aim, Valor, Storm, Spartan, ET

  5. Glyphosate and ALS resistance is forcing GA growers to rely on PPO herbicides!!! ALS-Palmer Amaranth GR-Palmer Amaranth

  6. Palmer Amaranth Control in PeanutsMacon County, GA – 2007 (38 DAT) NTC Valor SX 51WG @ 3 oz/A

  7. GR-Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybean – 2007 (83 DAT) Untreated Prefix 5.29EC @ 2 pt/A SB-01-07

  8. What the heck is Prefix??? • 5.29 SC formulation • 4.34 lbs Dual Magnum • 0.95 lb Reflex • Use rate is 2 pt/A ($10.50) • At 2 pts/A you get the following……. • 1.085 lb ai of Dual Magnum (18.2 ozs/A) • 0.2375 lb ai of Reflex (15.2 ozs/A)

  9. High Potential to Overuse (Abuse) Reflex and Valor

  10. PPO Resistance Already Exists! • Common waterhemp • 2001 (KS) • Resistant to POST but not PRE • 2002 (IL) • 2005 (MO) • Common ragweed • 2005 (DE) • Wild poinsettia • 2004 (Brazil) *

  11. Preventing PPO Resistance in GA • Know modes of action • Should we save the PPO herbicides for our 2 most important row crops (cotton, peanuts)??? • 1.7 million acres (cotton + peanuts) vs. 0.78 million acres (soybeans + corn) • Rotate crops • Corn (atrazine, Callisto, 2,4-D, Status) • Soybeans (Dual Magnum, Sencor) • Try not to use a PPO more than once per crop per year • i.e. Do not use Valor and Reflex on cotton in the same year • 2-1-2 program??? • What about peanuts???? • Valor, Cobra, Ultra Blazer, Storm

  12. Preventing PPO Resistance in GA • Include other residual herbicides with PPO’s • Dual Magnum, Intrro, Outlook • Treflan, Prowl, Sonalan • Boundary (Sencor + Dual Magnum) • Prefix (Reflex + Dual Magnum)

  13. Preventing PPO Resistance in GA • Use other weed control tactics • Cultivation • No known cases of steel-resistance have been reported • Diesel fuel prices and time are major deterrents • Hand-rogueing (seed-bank control) • Do not want to but may have to!!!

  14. www.gaweed.com

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