By: Matt Nadel Holly Bishop Emily Haskins Jennifer Ballard

1. Orthodox Judaism By: Matt Nadel Holly Bishop Emily Haskins Jennifer Ballard Amber Goldsmith

2. Traditional Jewish Clothing

3. Traditional Jewish Clothing • Skirts must be long enough to fall approximately 4 inches below the knee • Skirts must have no slits or vents - not in the back, sides, or front, but kick pleats are okay. • No wrap-around skirts – the latest style in wrap-around skirts is a very wide A-line which clearly will not gap open to reveal the leg; however, we decided not to include them on the site as they are categorized as a “slit skirt” by many, and are not hard to find in stores for those who do wish to purchase them. • Sleeves must fall below the elbow – some authorities permit sleeves to the elbow or even a tefach (about 3.5 inches) above the elbow. Again, short sleeved garments are easy to find; ¾-length sleeves and long sleeves are more rare – we want to provide our customer a service by providing a good selection of the harder-to-find modest items. • Necklines – the most difficult requirement to satisfy in contemporary clothing! Many authorities state that the collarbone must be covered, while others allow a tefach (about 3.5 inches) below the base of the neck to be revealed. It is very, very hard to find dresses or tops that completely conceal the collarbone, with the exception of button-front shirts. We are including “borderline” necklines on this site, and are offering dickies as "the perfect solution to the imperfect neckline." In any case, neckline standards for girls up to the age of nine may be more relaxed in some communities. • No pants, shorts, or skirts • No sheer fabrics • No tight-fitting, clingy knits • No solid red garments – some garments may appear in red because that is the merchant's color image choice; in that case be assured that the garment is available in other colors as well. Dark red known as “wine” or “burgundy” and red in a print or plaid are considered acceptable for this site.

4. Religious Affiliated Clothing • When praying, it is traditional for Males and some females to wear a Kippah or Yamikah • A Tallit is formal as well to wear when praying or reciting prayers. It is first introduced to children when their Bar/Bat-Mitzvah takes place. • Tefillin (Hebrew: תְפִלִּין) are two square leather boxes containing biblical verses, attached to the forehead and wound around the left arm by leather straps. They are worn during weekday morning prayer by observant Jewish men and some Jewish women.

5. Symbols

6. Since the 19th century the Magen David, or the six pointed star has become the most distinctive Jewish symbol. It even appears on the national flag of the State of Israel. • The Menorah is also very common, and the symbols come from the Temple and the festivals. • In the 16th century a decorative spice-box started to be used in the Havdalah ceremony, at the end of the Sabbath. Now it is a symbol of the religion.

7. Orthodox Judaism Beliefs Derived from the Greek, meaning “straight opinion”

8. There are two forms of Orthodox Judaism are Sephardi and Ashkenazi. • Sephardi communities were established in Italy, Holland, Turkey, the Land of Israel and elsewhere, and today account for 61% of the world Jewish population. • The Ashkenazis are the Jews of Germany, Poland, Russia and other parts of Europe whose history was one of constant persecution and destruction, culminating in the Holocaust in which their numbers were reduced from about 9,000,000 to 3,000,000. • Most Ashkenazis now live in the United States, and in Israel.

9. Belief that the Torah and its pertaining laws are Divine, were transmitted to Moses, are eternal, and are unalterable • Belief that there is also an oral law in Judaism, which contains the authoritative interpretation of the written Torah's legal sections, is also Divine - having been transmitted in some form to Moses along with the Pentateuch - and has been passed down to and expounded by various authorities from Moses. This oral law is embodied in texts, all basically and naturally entwined with the written law of the Torah • Belief that God has made an exclusive, unbreakable covenant with the Children of Israel (the descendants of Jacob) to be governed by the Torah • Belief in a Jewish eschatology, including a Jewish Messiah, a rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem, and a resurrection of the dead. • Near universal belief in the thirteen Jewish principles of faith as stated by the Rambam (Maimonides) • Acceptance of halakah-following Rabbis as authoritative interpreters and judges of Jewish law

10. Fun Facts… • 7 percent of American Jews are Orthodox • There are 1000 Orthodox synagogues in North America • They do not accept many non-Orthodox Jewish marriages, divorces, or conversions on the grounds that they were not performed in accordance with Jewish law.

11. Origination of Orthodox Judaism

12. How it Originated -The word orthodox is of Greek origin of the word orthos, meaning “straight/correct”, and doxa meaning “opinion.” The term “Orthodox Judaism”, is a recent term ,that seemed to derive at the beginning of the 19th century. –It is most used in North America to separate the movements following traditional practices from the Liberal Jewish movement. -In other places of the world Orthodox Judaism is more like the difference between “more observant” and “less observant”. -“Traditional” is a synonym for Orthodox . In Israel, the synonym for “traditional” is MASORTI.

13. How it Originated Continued • -Orthodox Judaism only emerged because of the growth of new branches of Judaism. • It is sometimes said that Orthodox Judaism is a type of Judaism that spreads from the time of Moses to the time of Mishmash and the Talmud, then ongoing to the present time though the oral law and rabbinic literature. • It is the direct successor of early Rabbinic and Talmudical Judaism . • Mainstream Jewish tradition was not defined as “orthodox” until the challenges of emancipation and modernization in the 18th and 19th centuries.

14. Orthodox Judaism Today • Orthodoxy Judaism today is more strictly observant and better educated than at any time before the deterioration of Eastern European Judaism during the Holocaust.

15. Jewish Othodox Food

16. Jewish Orthodox FoodHanukkah • Hanukkah food is traditionally oil rich because of the oil that burned for eight days. • Potatoes pancakes (Latkas) and Hanukkah doughnuts are especially popular during Hanukkah. • It is also traditional to eat dairy products in commemoration for the Jewish heroine Judith.

17. Jewish Orthodox Food Rosh Hashanah • It is traditional to eat the head of a fish and other animals dishes that represents the fertile land during Rosh Hashanah. • Challah is a sweet bread to represents a sweet year to come. • Many other foods include Schwarma (Rosemary Chicken), Bakar (beef), and Falafel (fried Chick-peas).

18. Jewish Orthodox Food Yom Kippur • A festive Yom Kippur breakfast includes eggs, bread, and cheese to celebrate the end of the year. • Yom Kippur foods includes low salt- dishes. • Some Yom Kippur dishes are almond french toast, reguelach, and honey cakes.

19. Work-Cited • About.com: Koser Foods. 11/14/07. http://koserfood.about.com/. • Wikipedia. Challah. 11/14/07. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah.

20. Works Cited • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Orthodox.html • http://judaism.about.com/od/orthodoxjudaism/a/orthodox.htm • http://www.pluralism.org/research/profiles/images/72110/CongregationAhavathChesed.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism • http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/judaism/orth.html

21. Works Cited • http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/denominations/orthodox.htm • Personal Interview-Matthew Clay Nadel • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism • http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/judaism/orth.html

22. Works Cited Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. 14 November 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism#Religious_clothing How to Dress and Act at an Orthodox-Jewish Festive Occasion. 14 November 2007. http://www.beingjewish.com/cycle/simchah.html