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Struggle for NA Review

Struggle for NA Review. Pham SS 10. Britain vs. France. Fighting over land, power, and wealth Treaty: An agreement between two groups of people When treaties ended their wars, LANDS changed to a different owner War of Spanish Succession > Treaty of Utrecht 1713

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Struggle for NA Review

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  1. Struggle for NA Review Pham SS 10

  2. Britain vs. France • Fighting over land, power, and wealth • Treaty: • An agreement between two groups of people • When treaties ended their wars, LANDS changed to a different owner • War of Spanish Succession > Treaty of Utrecht 1713 • Seven Years War > Treaty of Paris 1763

  3. Britain vs. France • Two main struggles: • Control the fur country (west to the Rocky mtns and Ohio Valley) • Control the Atlantic (Louisbourg, Halifax, Acadia)

  4. Struggle for the Fur Country • Britain > HBC 1670 > Trading ports where? • France > Native Guides > Explored where? (Frontenac late 1600s) • Britain > HBC ran by a group of merchants who wanted PROFIT • France > Ran by the gov’t who wanted PROFIT and COLONY (reason for seigneuries)

  5. War for Spanish Succession • Fought over control of Hudson Bay area • Treaty of Utrecht 1713 • Ended the war • Made all of the Hudson Bay posts British property • France gives up (loses Acadia and Newfoundland; access to Hudson Bay)

  6. Struggle to the Atlantic • French colonies of Ile Royale (Cape Breton) and Acadia • Louisbourg 1720, centre of French power, was located in Ille Royale – built in response to…? • Fishing was important • Louisbourg fortress > Strong or weak? • Halifax 1749 – British built fortress to protect against Native/French raids

  7. Oath of Allegiance • French Acadians had a year to leave after Utrecht • Refused to take an oath to the British Crown several times • British concerned; threatened to deport • Deportation 1755 – taken to Louisiana • Homes burnt, property and land taken

  8. Seven Years War 1756 • French kept most soldiers in Europe to fight there • Britain sent 7-8 times more men to NA • Mission to control the St. Lawrence River because…?

  9. Three-Pronged Attack • Louisbourg 1758 – Weaken French and control the River; less than 60 days • Ohio Valley – worried that French would attack from their back; pushed them out • Quebec – center of French power; 1759 General James Wolfe led the attack; 3 months unsuccessful; decides to attack upriver to block Quebec’s supplies

  10. Plains of Abraham • Read account Pg. 71 • Montcalm (French) vs. Wolfe (British) • Sept 13, 1759 – Montcalm’s men were split up; had to make a decision to attack now, wait and attack from behind, or stay in Quebec • Montcalm ordered his men to fight, but they were not used to fighting on the field • Less than an hour, the British won • Montcalm and Wolfe both died from wounds • Read account Pg. 72

  11. Practice Quiz • What is a treaty? • Britain and France – TWO main struggles for…? • What were the two differences between Britain and France for the fur country? (Think location of forts, profit, and colony)

  12. Practice Quiz • What Treaty in 1713 ended the War of Spanish Succession? • What did this treaty change in NA? • What, where, and why – Louisbourg? • Why were the Acadians deported? • Describe and explain Britain’s 3-Pronged Attack. • Describe in detail the Battle of Plains of Abraham.

  13. British Military Rule • Canadiens continued to hope that New France would be returned (Montreal 1760; Seven Years War 1763) • Between 1760 – 63 – British set up a temporary gov’t “British Military Occupation” • Time of uncertainty (deportation, property) • French language, law, language, religion continued

  14. Treaty of Paris 1763 • War in Europe ended • France gave up all of New France and Acadia to Britain • Effects: • Economic stability was restored • Military courts used French civil law • French assured they would not be deported • Roman Catholic religion kept • Seigneurial system kept

  15. What to do with the Canadiens? • Britain > Ethnocentrism • Deportation? • Maintain the status-quo? • Isolation of Natives, French, British? • Assimilation? • Biculturalism?

  16. Proclamation of 1763 • Britain issued a royal proclamation outlining what to do with Quebec • Aims • Assimilation • British institution, laws, customs, language, and religion enforced • Attract British settlers • Limit the size – cutting the Montreal fur traders out of the western fur trade • Reassure that Natives protected in Ohio Valley

  17. After Proclamation of 1763 • Anglo-Americans from 13 Colonies moved westward; not to Quebec • Natives upset; promised a western reserve where colonists could not go • Governor James Murray – First appointed Gov. General

  18. The Quebec Act 1774 • Passed in attempt to keep the loyalty of the Canadiens • Aim: • Biculturalism • Allowed the Canadiens to maintain French character of Quebec and preserve the French culture • Quebec would become both British and French • Ruled by an appointed British governor and an appointed council

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