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Introduction to Medical Terminology

Introduction to Medical Terminology. Chapter 1. Primary Medical Terms. Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology. What Parts Are the Key!. Four basic types of word parts are used to create complex medical terms: Word roots Combining forms

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Introduction to Medical Terminology

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  1. Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 1

  2. Primary Medical Terms • Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology.

  3. What Parts Are the Key! • Four basic types of word parts are used tocreate complex medical terms: • Word roots • Combining forms • Suffixes • Prefixes • (continues)

  4. What Parts Are the Key!

  5. Word Roots • Word roots usually, but not always, indicate thepart of the body involved. • (continues)

  6. Word Roots • Examples: • cardi = heart • gastr = stomach • neur = nerve • Note: Word roots do not mean pertaining to orrelating to; that meaning comes from the suffix.

  7. Combining Forms • Created by adding a vowel (usually the letter“o”) to the end of a word root. • Used when connecting word roots or whenthe word root is joined to a suffix that beginswith a consonant. • (continues)

  8. Combining Forms • Examples: • cardi/o = heart • gastr/o = stomach • neur/o = nerve • (continues)

  9. Combining Forms

  10. Suffixes • Suffixes usually, but not always,indicate theprocedure, condition, disorder, or disease. • Examples: • cardiomegaly • gastralgia • neuritis • (continues)

  11. Suffixes • Examples:

  12. Prefixes • Prefixes usually, but not always, indicatelocation, time, number, or status. • Examples: • pericardium • epigastric • polyneuritis • (continues)

  13. Prefixes • Examples:

  14. Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts • Decipher these medical terms based on theirword parts: • cardiologist • gastritis • neuralgia • (continues)

  15. Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts • An example to take apart:

  16. Additional Lessons in This Chapter • Using a medical dictionary • The “sounds-like” pronunciation system • Why spelling counts • Caution when using abbreviations • (continues)

  17. Additional Lessons in This Chapter • Singular and plural endings • Basic medical terms • Look-alike, sound-alike terms and word parts

  18. Key Word Parts and Definitions • -algia • pain, painful condition • dys- • bad, difficult, or painful • -ectomy • surgical removal, cutting out, excision • hyper- • excessive, increased • (continues)

  19. Key Word Parts and Definitions • hypo- • deficient, decreased • -itis • inflammation • -osis • abnormal condition, disease • (continues)

  20. Key Word Parts and Definitions • -ostomy • the surgical creation of an artificial opening to thebody surface • -otomy • cutting, surgical incision • -plasty • surgical repair • -rrhage • bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge • (continues)

  21. Key Word Parts and Definitions • -rrhaphy • surgical suturing • -rrhea • flow or discharge • -rrhexis • rupture • -sclerosis • abnormal hardening

  22. Questions

  23. Question • A vertebra is a bone in the spine. What is theplural of vertebra? • vertebras • vertebri • vertebrae

  24. Answer • c. vertebrae

  25. Question • Inter- means within or inside. • True or False?

  26. Answer • False. Intra- means within or inside.Inter- means between or among.

  27. Question • Losing a large amount of blood in a shorttime is a: • hemorage • hemorrhage • hemorhage

  28. Answer • b. hemorrhage

  29. Question • The ilium is part of the hip bone, and the ileum ispart of the small intestine. • True or False?

  30. Answer • True

  31. Word Roots that indicate Color • Cyan/o = blue • Erythr/o = red • Leuk/o = white • Melan/o = black • Poli/o = gray

  32. 16. –malacia=abn softening • 17. –megaly = abn enlargement • 18. –necrosis = tissue death • 19. –stenosis= abn narrowing • 20. –sclerosis= abn hardening

  33. Suffixes related to procedures • 21. –Centesis=sx pnct to rmv fluid • 22. –graphy= process of recording • A picture or record • 23. gram= picture or recording • 24. prenatal= evnts b4 birth • 25. Peri = surrounding

  34. 26. Ology = study of • 27.rhino= nose • 28. arteri/o= artery • 29. ather/o= plaque or fatty substance • 30. Arthr/o= joint • Copy table 1.4 on p 9. (no repeats)

  35. 31. Pyro=fever 32. Inflammation vs. Infection • 33. Pyo=Pus 34. gallbladder=cholesto • 35. Hepat/o= liver 36. my/o= muscle • 37. neur/o= nerve 38. gastro=stomach • 39. oste/o= bone 40. ren/o=kidney • 41. pulmon/o or pneum/o= lung • 42. cardi/o= heart 43. cerebr/o=brain

  36. Test Next Class  • On your phones

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