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DIVISION 4

DIVISION 4. Lighting and Signalling for Transport. Division 4 Officials. Division Director: Ad de Visser Division Secretary: Hans Huijben Division Editor: Doug Simpson Webmaster: Tapani Nurmi. New TCs. TC4-46 300mm Traffic Light (Carl Andersen)

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DIVISION 4

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  1. DIVISION 4 Lighting and Signalling for Transport

  2. Division 4 Officials • Division Director: Ad de Visser • Division Secretary: Hans Huijben • Division Editor: Doug Simpson • Webmaster: Tapani Nurmi

  3. New TCs • TC4-46 300mm Traffic Light (Carl Andersen) • TC4-47 Use of LEDs in visual signalling (Steve Jenkins)- • TC 4-48 White light in road lighting (Stephan Voelker)

  4. New Reporterships • R4-14 Road lighting and accidents (Carl Andersen) • R4-30 Measuring systems for in situ road characteristics (Guiseppe Rossi) • R4-31 Inventory of D4 pubns. on possible energy improvement review (Hans Huijben) • R4-32 Reflection properties of road surfaces (Cyril Chain) • R4-33 Review of CIE pubn. 72 (Norbert Johnson) • R4-34 Retroreflective and other passive devices as energy savers (Norbert Johnson)

  5. TCs near completion (1) • TC4-10 Automobile Lighting Systems – ready for Div. Voting • TC4-16 Recommended File Format for Electronic Transfer of Luminaire Photometric data –TC is dealing with Div. Voting comments

  6. TCs near completion (2) • TC 4-26 Systems for Measurement of Photometric Quantities of Road Lighting Installations – ready for voting by TC members • TC4-37 Road Transport Lighting for Developing Countries – issued, Report available as free download • TC4-43 Emergency Lighting in Tunnels – ready for Div voting

  7. Developments in Road Lighting • Driven by: • Technology developments (new measurement techniques, new light sources, controllable electronic ballasts) • Energy efficiencies

  8. Adaptive Road Lighting (1) • Installations will be responsive to: • Weather conditions • Traffic volume • Traffic speed

  9. Adaptive Road Lighting (2) • Central control will monitor real-time measurements of: • Pavement luminance • Traffic volume • These are compared with criterion levels and the road lighting changed if necessary.

  10. Road Surface Reflectance (1) • Growing realisation that new road surfaces are not well characterised by the standard CIE road surfaces (R1,R2,R3 and R4) • Based on careful measurement of cored samples

  11. Road Surface Reflectance (2) • Calculations of pavement luminance at many sites with the new surfaces (UK & France) using standard r-tables and measured r-tables of modern road surfaces show that the standard r-tables over-estimate the pavement luminance. • E.g. an installation designed to provide a pavement luminance of 1.0cd/m2 with standard r-table actually gave a luminance of 0.7cd/m2

  12. Road Surface Reflectance (3) • This would lead to an increase in night accidents. • To maintain the pavement luminance, there would be increased capital costs and an increase in energy costs of about 25%. • Need to make widespread measurements of road surface types.

  13. Road Surface Reflectance (4) • Traditional measurement of road surface reflectance is by coring and lab. measurement-slow and sample is damaged • Can now take advantage of CCD luminance meter to capture pavement luminance over a wide area, use installation data and I-tables to work backwards and calculate r-table in situ.

  14. White Light & Mesopic Vision (1) • The spectral sensitivity of human vision changes with adaptation level and with retinal eccentricity. • Visual tasks of drivers change with the road environment resulting in differences in the importance of different areas of the retina

  15. White Light & Mesopic Vision (2) • The central 2o is dominated by cones and has the spectral sensitivity of the V(l) function. • The periphery has a mesopic spectral sensitivity function depending on adaptation luminance and peripheral angle

  16. White Light & Mesopic Vision (3) • Division 1 has formed a TC to propose a model of mesopic vision. • Division 4 TC 4-48 has a proposed terms of reference that will validate the Div 1 model in road lighting

  17. White Light & Mesopic Vision (4) • Latest Australian Road Lighting Standard: • For V category lighting-use manufacturers lamp lumens for all lamp types • For P category lighting (except P4 &P5)-use manufacturers lamp lumens for all lamp types • For P4 & P5- manufacturers lamp lumens should be derated by x0.75 for HPS and x0.50 for LPS

  18. White Light & Mesopic Vision (5) • For any lighting, and especially for P category lighting, use sources with highest S/P ratio and CRI value compatible with costs, lamp mortality, lumen maintenance.

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