ABOLITIONISM

1. ABOLITIONISM The fight to end slavery

2. Opposing Slavery Chapter 15, Section 2 • How did the antislavery movement begin and grow? • How did the Underground Railroad help slaves reach freedom? • Why did many white northerners and southerners oppose the campaign to abolish slavery?

3. Roots of the Antislavery Movement • Since colonial times, Quakers had taught that slavery was a sin. • During the Second Great Awakening, ministers called on Christians to stamp out slavery. Quakers: a religious group that was opposed to slavery and war. The Quakers played an important role in the Underground Railroad.

4. Roots of the Antislavery Movement Chapter 15, Section 2 • The American Colonization Society wanted to end slavery by setting up an independent colony in Africa for freed slaves. In 1822, the society founded the nation of Liberia, in West Africa. Only a few thousand African Americans settled there.

5. Famous Abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison First white abolitionist to call for the “immediate and complete emancipation” of slaves.

6. Famous Abolitionists The Grimke Sisters Sarah and Angelina Grimke were born in the South to a wealthy slaveholding family. After moving to Philadelphia, they spoke out against slavery and for women’s rights.

7. Famous Abolitionists Frederick Douglass Born a slave, he learned to read and write. He escaped to New York where he published a newspaper called the “North Star”. He later bought his freedom from his former owner.

8. Famous Abolitionists Sojourner Truth Born a slave in Ulster County, NY, Belle Baumfree escaped then later gained her freedom in 1827. She took the name “Sojourner Truth” and fought against slavery and for women’s rights.

9. The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was not a train at all. It was a network of safe houses that enabled escaping slaves to make their way north to freedom.

10. The Underground Railroad Chapter 15, Section 2

11. Harriet Tubman The most famous of the conductors, Harriet Tubman was called the “Black Moses” for leading her people to freedom. She risked her life to lead escaping slaves to the North.

12. The Underground Railroad Chapter 15, Section 2

13. Underground Railroad in our Area This safe house in Peekskill was owned by William Sands, a Quaker. The house contained a secret stairway with a hidden room.

14. Underground Railroad in our Area Peekskill, NY This house was owned by Harriet Beecher Stowe’s brother, Henry Ward Beecher. It had a tunnel to hide escaping slaves.

15. Reasons Why People Opposed Abolition Chapter 15, Section 2 In the North • Northern factory owners worried about losing their cotton supply. • Northern workers feared that freed African Americans might come and take their jobs. In the South • Many white southerners accused abolitionists of preaching violence. • Slave owners defended slavery even more firmly than before. Some argued that slaves were better off than northern factory workers. • To many southerners, slavery was an essential part of the southern economy and way of life.

16. Section 2 Assessment Chapter 15, Section 2 Abolitionists were people who demanded that a) slavery in the United States be ended completely. b) African Americans, enslaved or free, be allowed to migrate to western Africa. c) Slavery should be allowed only in the South. d) African Americans attend religious revivals. The Underground Railroad was a) an organization that provided free train rides for African Americans. b) an organization that trained freed African Americans to operate trains. c) a northern railroad with many tunnels in the Appalachian Mountains. d) a network of abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom.