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Abolitionism

Abolitionism. HIS 265. Gradual Emancipation. American Colonization Society (1817-1964) favored gradual, compensated manumission & “returning” freed blacks to Africa Paul Cuffee (1759-1817) was mixed-race Quaker ship captain who took 38 to Sierra Leone James Madison & Henry Clay were leaders

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Abolitionism

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  1. Abolitionism HIS 265

  2. Gradual Emancipation • American Colonization Society (1817-1964) favored gradual, compensated manumission & “returning” freed blacks to Africa • Paul Cuffee (1759-1817) was mixed-race Quaker ship captain who took 38 to Sierra Leone • James Madison & Henry Clay were leaders • Liberia founded in 1821 • 13,000 immigrants, 1817-67 • Became independent nation in 1847 • ACS continued settling African Americans in Liberia after the Civil War

  3. Liberia Pres. Joseph J. Roberts First Lady Jane Roberts

  4. Immediate Emancipation • American Antislavery Society (1833-70) demanded immediate, uncompen-sated emancipation & black citizenship • William Lloyd Garrison began publishing The Liberator in 1831 • American Moral Reform Society linked abolition to other evangelical reform efforts • Arthur & Lewis Tappan founded American & Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and the Liberty Party in 1840 • broke with Garrison over women’s rights & political participation • James G. Birney ran as Liberty Party pres. Candidate in 1840 & 1844 • merged with Free Soil party in 1848, which merged into Republican party in 1856 William Lloyd Garrison Theodore Weld

  5. Black Abolitionists • Frederick Douglass (1818-95) • escaped from slavery in 1838 • published Narrative in 1845 • began publishing North Star in 1847 • Henry Highland Garnet (1815-82) • escaped from slavery in 1824 • became Presbyterian minister in 1842 • supported emigration until Civil War • Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) • born Isabella Baumfree • escaped from Dumonts in 1827 • became involved with Matthias cult • advocated westward emigration & creation of “Negro state” Frederick Douglass Henry Highland Garnet

  6. The Underground Railroad • Not as organized or as secretive as later legend made it • Most escapees from Upper South • Perhaps as many as 100,000 • Free blacks organized & led many of the Vigilance Committees • William Still in Philadelphia • David Ruggles in New York • Harriet Tubman (1819-1913) was most famous “conductor” • escaped at age 30 • led some 300 others to freedom • served as scout, spy & nurse in Civil War

  7. Levi Coffin House, Ohio

  8. The Amistad Case • Joseph Cinque & 48 others kidnapped in Sierra Leone • Sold in Havana to Jose Ruiz & Pedro Montes in June 1839 • Cinque led mutiny July 1, 1839 • Amistad captured by U.S.S. Washington & brought to New London, CT Aug. 26 • D.A. William Holabird charged Cinque & others with piracy & murder • Defense team led by J.Q. Adams • Judge Andrew Judson ruled Jan. 13, 1840 that defendents were born free, and therefore not guilty • Decision upheld by Supreme Court March 9, 1840

  9. Freedom Schooner Amistad

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