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Bellringer: Human Genes

Bellringer: Human Genes. Have you ever wondered about your genes? If you could investigate any part of your own body’s DNA, what would you like to find out? Write down some of your questions. Key Ideas. Why is the Human Genome Project so important?

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Bellringer: Human Genes

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  1. Bellringer: Human Genes Have you ever wondered about your genes? If you could investigate any part of your own body’s DNA, what would you like to find out? Write down some of your questions. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  2. Key Ideas • Why is the Human Genome Project so important? • How do genomics and gene technologies affect our lives? • What questions about the human genome remain to be studied? Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  3. Chapter 15Section 1:The Human Genome Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  4. Genome • All of the genetic material in an: • Organism, • Population, or • Species. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  5. Genomics The study of genomes by using technology to compare genes within and between species. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  6. Microarray A test that shows genes that are actively transcribed in cells Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  7. DNA Fingerprint • Pattern of DNA characteristics • Unique to individual Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  8. Chapter 15Section 1:The Human Genome Supplementary Vocabulary Words Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  9. Human Genome Project (HGP): An international cooperative effort to sequence the human genome. 1990 … Ongoing Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  10. Sequencing The process of determining the order of base pairs in a genome Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  11. Gene technologies: Genes • Find • Copy • Turn on/off • Move • Analyze • Decode • Manipulate Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  12. Genetic Engineering Transferring genes from one organism to another (Human insulin is made by bacteria.) Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  13. Vaccine • Substance prepared from killed / weakened pathogens • Introduced to produce immunity Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  14. Gene therapy: • Inserts a functional “replacement” gene • in person’s cells • genetically engineered virus. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  15. Pharmacogenomics: Use of genomics to produce drugs. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  16. Pharmacogenomics: Use of genomics to produce drugs. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  17. Bioremediation: Using microbes for environmental cleanup. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  18. Chapter 15Section 1:The Human Genome Notes Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  19. Secrets of the Human Genome The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international cooperative effort to sequence the human genome. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  20. Secrets of the Human Genome More than 20 laboratories and 6 countries worked to sequence the 2.9 billion base pairs in the human genome. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  21. Secrets of the Human Genome • Sequencing human genome • Advanced the study of human biology • Created new questions. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  22. Secrets of the Human Genome Surprising Findings • Humans have few genes. • Most human DNA is noncoding. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  23. Secrets of the Human Genome Surprising Findings • Many human genes are identical to those of other species. • All humans are genetically similar 99.9% identical Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  24. 15-1 The Human Genome Three Applications of Gene Technologies: • Diagnosing and Preventing Disease • Treating Disease • Identifying Individuals Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  25. Applications of Human Genetics Diagnosing and Preventing Disease Microarray - Genes actively transcribed in cell’s sample Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  26. Applications of Human Genetics Diagnosing and Preventing Disease Genetic counseling Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  27. Applications of Human Genetics Diagnosing and Preventing Disease Various vaccines - now produced through genetic engineering. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  28. Applications of Human Genetics Treating Disease Genetically engineered protein can treat genetic disorders. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  29. 4 Applications of Human Genetics Treating Disease • Gene therapy • Insert replacement gene • Using a genetically engineered virus. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  30. Pharmacogenomics: Use of genomics to produce drugs. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  31. Genetically Engineered Medicine Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  32. DNA profiling (fingerprinting) Identifying individuals by their unique pattern of DNA Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  33. Applications of Human Genetics Identifying Individuals DNA fingerprints Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  34. DNA Fingerprint Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  35. Summary The sequencing of the human genome has advanced the study of human biology yet created new questions. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  36. Questions remain Such as: • How do our genes interact? • How unique are we? • Can genetics help us live longer? • How should we deal with ethical issues? Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

  37. Summary Genomics and gene technologies have many applications in human healthcare and society. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008

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