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European values, history, and institutions

European values, history, and institutions. TEM Summer School 2016 Cédric Gossart. European anthem : Final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony (1823). Outline. I. European values II. Institutions III. History. 150 M years ago: Europe didn’t exist. Where do we find Europe today?.

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European values, history, and institutions

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  1. European values, history, and institutions TEM Summer School 2016 Cédric Gossart European anthem: Final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony (1823).

  2. Outline I. European values II. Institutions III. History

  3. 150 M years ago: Europe didn’t exist Where do we find Europe today?

  4. Europa, Europe, EU, … Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. Where do the borders of Europe end? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_%28moon%29

  5. The geography of Europe Oural Kjolen Massif Central Carpathian Alps Pyrenees Balkan DinaricAlps Apennines Meseta Caucasius

  6. The borders of Europe

  7. Map of Europe Year = 1025

  8. (recent) map of Europe

  9. The European Union • 6 • 12 • 28 • 50 Source: http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/photo/photoByMediaGroup.cfm?sitelang=en&mgid=38

  10. The European Union in 2016 (28 MS) http://europa.eu/abc/maps/index_en.htm

  11. How many do you know?

  12. There are a number of countries whose nationals do not need a visa to visit the EU for three months or less. The list of countries whose nationals require visas to travel to the United Kingdom or Ireland differs slightly from other EU countries. http://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/entry-exit/non-eu-nationals/index_en.htm Source: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/index_en.htm

  13. 2015 : Lithuania adopts the euro The Euro area: 19 member states (340 M people) http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/money/euro/index_en.htm

  14. Which countries joined the EU and when? http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/flipbook/en/enlargement_en.pdf

  15. Who can join the EU? The Treaty on European Union states that any European country may apply for membership if it respects the EU's democratic values and is committed to promoting them. But specifically, a country can only join if it meets all the membership criteria: • political – it must have stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law and human rights; • economic – it must have a functioning market economy and be able to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU; • legal – it must accept established EU law and practice – especially the major goals of political, economic and monetary union. http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm

  16. Why joining? The points of view of EU citizens http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?sitelang=en&ref=I073240

  17. Outline I. European values II. Institutions III. History

  18. I. European values New member states must respect European values. What are the values of the EU? Where can we find them?

  19. Founding treaty of the Union:The treaty of Lisbon (2009) EU treaties currently in force: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties-force.html?locale=en. The version currenlty in force is available here: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:c382f65d-618a-4c72-9135-1e68087499fa.0006.02/DOC_2&format=PDF.

  20. The Treaty of Lisbon http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:c382f65d-618a-4c72-9135-1e68087499fa.0006.02/DOC_2&format=PDF

  21. The Charter of Fundamental Rights The Charter is fully endorsed by the Union’s founding treaty. As a consequence, all Union citizens are on the same legal playing field and can use European laws to defend themselves. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  22. The Charter of fundamental rights For the first time in the EU’s history, a single text sets out the whole range of civil, political, economic and social rights of European citizens and all persons resident in the EU: • Dignity • Freedoms • Equality • Solidarity • Citizens’ rights • Justice http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  23. Chapter I. Dignity • Article 1. Human dignity Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected. • Article 2. Right to life • Everyone has the right to life. • No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed. • Article 3. Right to the integrity of the person • Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  24. Chapter I. Dignity • Article 4. Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. • Article 5. Prohibition of slavery and forced labour • No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. • No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. • Trafficking in human beings is prohibited. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  25. Chapter II. Freedoms • Article 6. Right to liberty and security • Article 7. Respect for private and family life • Article 8. Protection of personal data • Article 9. Right to marry and right to found a family • Article 10. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion • Article 11. Freedom of expression and information • Article 12. Freedom of assembly and of association • Article 13. Freedom of the arts and sciences • Article 14. Right to education • Article 15. Freedom to choose an occupation & right to engage in work • Article 16. Freedom to conduct a business • Article 17. Right to property • Article 18. Right to asylum • Article 19. Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  26. Chapter III. Equality • Article 20. Equality before the law • Article 21. Non-discrimination • Article 22. Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity • Article 23. Equality between men and women • Article 24. The rights of the child • Article 25. The rights of the elderly • Article 26. Integration of persons with disabilities http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  27. Chapter IV. Solidarity • Article 27. Workers' right to information & consultation • Article 28. Right of collective bargaining and action • Article 29. Right of access to placement services • Article 30. Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal • Article 31. Fair and just working conditions • Article 32. Prohibition child labour & protection young people at work • Article 33. Family and professional life • Article 34. Social security and social assistance • Article 35. Health care • Article 36. Access to services of general economic interest • Article 37. Environmental protection http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  28. Chapter V. Citizen's rights • Article 39. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament • Article 40. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections • Article 41. Right to good administration • Article 42. Right of access to documents • Article 43. Ombudsman • Article 44. Right to petition • Article 45. Freedom of movement and of residence • Article 46. Diplomatic and consular protection http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  29. Chapter VI. Justice • Article 47. Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial • Article 48. Presumption of innocence and right of defence • Article 49. Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties • Article 50. Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  30. The 28 EU member states all share these values. Their citizens are all protected by EU laws.

  31. Outline I. European values II. Institutions III. History

  32. EU quiz When was the treaty currently governing the Union signed? • 1957 • 1985 • 1993 • 2007 He is one the founding fathers of the EU, who is he? • Winston Churchill • Charles de Gaulle • Jean Monnet • Charles Aznavour Lisbon (Portugal)

  33. EU treaties timeline http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history

  34. II. EU institutions • Since December 2009: • 1) A more democratic and transparent Europe, • 2) A more efficient Europe, • 3) A Europe of rights, values, freedom, solidarity,& security, • 4) Europe as an actor on the global stage. http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/glance/index_en.htm

  35. EU institutions The “Big Five”

  36. Institutions: The “Big Five” • There are 5 main EU institutions: • European Parliament (legislative power) • European Council (political power) • Council of Ministers (legislative power) • European Commission (executive power) • European Court of Justice (judicial power) http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/index_en.htm

  37. WARNING The Council of Europeis NOT an institution of the European Union. COE: An international organisation http://www.coe.int/ COE headoffices in Strasbourg

  38. The European Parliament • Directly elected EU institution that represents the citizens of the Member States • Oversees EU institutions, especially Commission • Shares legislative powers, including budgetary power, with the Council and the Commission • 748 new MEPs (elected on 25 May 2014) • Location: Strasbourg (FR) • President: Martin Schulz (social democrat, Ger) http://www.europarl.europa.eu (since January 2012)

  39. The new European Parliament (25 May 2014, 43% turnout) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/map.html http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/divers/EN_EP%20brochure.pdf

  40. The European Council • Highest political body • Made up of the most senior elected political representatives of the Member States — prime ministers and presidents with executive powers. • It gives the EU its political direction and sets its priorities. • President elected by the members of the European Council: Donald Tusk http://www.european-council.europa.eu Location : Brussels (centrist, PL) (since 1 Dec. 2014)

  41. Overview on EU Policy The European Council Sets the political Priorities of the EU ♠The Lisbon Agenda (competitiveness) - European research area - Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SME’s) - Life long learning - Unemployment rates ♣Sustainable Development ♥Social and territorial Cohesion - The regional policy - The social agenda

  42. The decision triangle European Commission Council of the EU European Parliament

  43. The decision triangle according to Plantu http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=28183

  44. The European Commission • EU executive branch • Accountable to the European Parliament. • Shares with the Parliament the power to initiate proposals for legislation. • Enforces the Union’s policies, ensures that the budget is implemented, manages EU programmes, represents the EU in international negotiations and makes sure that the treaties are applied properly. • Location: Brussels • President: Jean-Claude Juncker http://ec.europa.eu (since 27 June 2014) (conservative, L)

  45. The Council of the EU (Council of Ministers) • Made up of 28 government ministers representing each of the Member States • The Presidency of the Council of the European Union is held in turn by each Member State for a period of 6 months • Coordinates the EU’s economic policies and plays a central role in foreign and security policy. • Shares lawmaking and budgetary powers with the European Parliament. (now NL & then Slovakia) http://www.consilium.europa.eu

  46. The Council of the EU (Council of Ministers) 1 council per issue. Examples: • EcoFin (financial and budget issues) • Agriculture Council (for CAP issues) • General Affairs (foreign policy) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/voting-system/ 28 Member States → 352 Votes http://www.consilium.europa.eu/council/voting-system-at-the-council

  47. EU laws and decisions open to interpretation that lead to disputes that cannot be settled by negotiation • One judge from each member state • Appointed for six years by common accord of the member states' governments • Location: Luxembourg 28 Judges, 9 Advocates General http://curia.europa.eu

  48. High Representative of the Unionfor Foreign and Security Policy • Coordinates & carries out EU’s foreign & security policy • HR = Vice-President of the Commission Federica Mogherini http://www.eeas.europa.eu/background/high-representative/index_en.htm (socialist, Italy, since November 2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2015/infographic_eu_delegation_en.htm

  49. http://ec.europa.eu/news/eu_explained/131120_en.htm

  50. Why the EU? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWgEcw6R7NQ More information about Europe: http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/bundles/the-eu-explained-cbsciep2OwkgkAAAE.xjhtLxJz/

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