mentoring in nursing: practice, research, education p. de la cruz-reyes,msn,rn

1. Mentoring in Nursing: Practice, Research, Education P. De La Cruz-Reyes,MSN,RN

3. What Makes a Good Mentor? Gray & Smith (2000) looked at mentorship from the students perspective Interviewed students over 3 year period on what makes a good mentor. A good mentor is: enthusiastic, friendly, approachable, patient, understanding and has a great sense of humor.

4. �Heart� of Mentorship Inter-personal relationship between mentor and mentee; foundation is the connection they share (Gray & Smith, 2000) Requires time Requires high level commitment Not every RN is suited to be a mentor

5. What Is Needed from a Mentor Dedication Commitment Honesty & Truth Mutual Respect Positive & Caring Attitude Appreciation Personal story

6. Diversity and Mentoring What does the research tell us about the impact of mentoring on nursing diversity? Why are there not more minority nursing mentors/role models? What needs to be done to gain more? What impact do mentors have on minority nurses? Where do we begin?

7. U.S. Demographics In 1995, 26.4% of the population consisted of minorities By 2010, 32.4% are minorities By 2050, it is projected that minorities will comprise 47.2% of the population Source: U.S. Census Bureau

8. California Demographics 2008 Population: 36, 756,666 White/non Latino: 42.3% Black: 6.7% American Indian: 1.2% Asian (includes Filipino) 12.5% Pacific Islander: 0.4% Hispanic: 36.6% Source: Quik Facts, 2008

9. California Licensed RNs White, non Hispanic: 58.6% Black: 4.1% American Indian: 0.4% Asian/Filipino: 18.0% Pacific Islander: 0.1% Hispanic: 7.5% Source: Board of Registered Nursing 2007/2008 report

10. Greatest Disparity Hispanics African-American American-Indian Pacific Islander If we want to have more mentors/role models, we need more minority RNs If we want to make a difference with diversity, these are ethnic groups we need to focus on in the future.

11. Impact of Diversity on Healthcare According to studies completed by the Sullivan Commission and the Institute of Medicine,( (2004), health outcomes are improved when the health care workforce reflects the ethnic and cultural community that is being served. �A healthcare workforce that mirrors our state�s ethnic and racial diversity is an important strategy for improving the health of California� (The California Wellness Foundation, 2005)

12. Impact of Diversity Diversity has a positive impact on the workplace, increases competitiveness of corporations in the global market, and improves education in the college classroom (Carnevale & Fry, 2000) Diversity in the college classroom fosters intellectual development and facilitates students� explorations of diverse perspectives (Carnevale & Fry, 2000).

13. What Are the Barriers to Having More Minority Mentors A major proportion of racial and ethnic minority students in this country have unequal access to higher education (Ntire, 2001). Many experience a variety of personal, environmental, and institutional barriers that result in limited or no access to college and university education (Opp, 2001).

14. Barriers Faced Financial difficulty Lack of financial aid Need to work full-time Lack of family support Lack of information about college preparation and application process Low scores on traditional college admission tests (ESL) Absence of role models who have gone to college

15. Financial Difficulty Lack of grants and scholarships is a major deterrent Large portion of federal grants to minority students have been replaced by loans Loans are often a disincentive for many minority students who are reluctant to incur large debts (Thomason & Thurber, 1999)

16. Academic Under-Preparedness Large number of minority students are concentrated in high poverty schools that lack academic and financial resources (Haycock, 2001). Minority students in public schools are often placed in general tracks rather than college prep courses. Barriers results in lower education aspirations and hopes for many racial/ethnic minority children (Ntiri, 2001).

17. Increasing Minority Mentors Greater school support/encouragement for minority students by faculty/counselors Support groups and role models Family education groups Ethnic nursing organizations �Adopt a Nursing School� and serve as mentors/role models to students RN Ambassadors

18. Mentoring in Nursing Research We need more minority RN faculty and researchers *Of nursing students from minority backgrounds, only 22.2% are in research-focused doctoral programs Need more minority nurse PhDs; only 15 American Indian Nurses with doctoral degrees * Source: AACN 2008-2009 report

19. How Do We Get There? Need more bridge programs; i.e. MSN to PhD. Development of more research assistant opportunities. More co-authoring opportunities with RN researchers to gain interest �One stop center� for information on available grants and scholarships for doctoral programs More minority role models

20. Mentoring Process Engage ethnic nursing organizations to �Adopt a Nursing School� program across California. Serve as mentors for URM nursing students in the �adopted� nursing school (s) in their area Serve as guest speakers to nursing programs Become RN Ambassadors

21. THANK YOU