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Behaviorism

Behaviorism. Stimulus-Response Conditioning through reinforcement. Behaviorism. Any psychology that sees its mission as the explanation of behavior and stimuli and responses as its basic data (Kimble, 2000). Behaviorism in an Academic Setting. In an academic context, behaviorists

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Behaviorism

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  1. Behaviorism Stimulus-Response Conditioning through reinforcement Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  2. Behaviorism • Any psychology that sees its mission as the explanation of behavior and stimuli and responses as its basic data (Kimble, 2000). Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  3. Behaviorism in an Academic Setting • In an academic context, behaviorists substitute verbal behavior (e.g. responding appropriately to a question) for physical behavior. The behaviorist would interpret, for example, a student’s correct answer to a question as a sign of successful conditioning, and then continue to reinforce correct responses behaviorally by assigning good grades. Often, the form of conditioning used to achieve desirable verbal behavior is a lecture-based pedagogy (Boghossian, 2006). Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  4. Behaviorism views the student as an unreflective responder. In a behaviorist paradigm, the student is engaged in the educational process only in that she displays the appropriate verbal behavior (e.g. checking the correct box on a multiple choice test) (Boghossian, 2006). Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  5. Forerunners of Behaviorism • John B. Watson, an American psychologist. • Watson claimed that psychology was not concerned with the mind or with human consciousness • Watson's work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  6. Forerunners of Behaviorism • Ivan Pavlov studied animals' responses to conditioning • Pavlov's best-known experiment, he rang a bell as he fed some dogs several meals Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  7. Behaviorism Today • Behaviorism is associated today with the name of B.F. Skinner • made his reputation by testing Watson's theories in the laboratory • Skinner's studies led him to reject Watson's almost exclusive emphasis on reflexes and conditioning (Cohen, 1987). Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  8. Operant Conditioning • Skinner developed the theory of "operant conditioning," the idea that we behave the way we do because this kind of behavior has had certain consequences in the past • Skinner denied that the mind or feelings play any part in determining behavior. Instead, our experience of reinforcements determines our behavior (Cohen, 1987). Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  9. Presuppositions of Behaviorism • Behaviorism is naturalistic • Behaviorism teaches that man is nothing more than a machine that responds to conditioning. • Behaviorism teaches that we are not responsible for our actions • Behaviorism is manipulative (DeMar, 2007) Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

  10. References Kimble, G. 2000. Behaviorism and Unity in Psychology. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 9(6). Boghossian, P. 2006. Behaviorism, Constructivism, and Socratic Pedagogy. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 38(6). Cohen, D. 1987. "Behaviorism," in The Oxford Companion to the Mind, Richard L. Gregory, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press. DeMar, G. (2007). Behaviorism. The Forerunner. Retrieved on April 1, 2008 from http://forerunner.com/forerunner/X0497_DeMar_-_Behaviorism.html. Barbara Boyd-Parker, Dana Giles, Andrea Jenkins-Mann, and Tracee Williams

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