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Plant Reproduction

Plant Reproduction. W O R K T O G E T H E R. Is a seed alive? Is a fruit alive? Answer as completely as you can on your own paper. (Hang on to your paper until the end of class.). Asexual Reproduction.

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Plant Reproduction

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  1. Plant Reproduction

  2. W O R K T O G E T H E R • Is a seed alive? Is a fruit alive? Answer as completely as you can on your own paper. (Hang on to your paper until the end of class.)

  3. Asexual Reproduction • Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant. • List some benefits and some drawbacks to asexual reproduction.

  4. Sexual Reproduction • Sexual reproduction requires fusion of male cells in the pollen grain with female cells in the ovule. • List some advantages and drawbacks to sexual reproduction.

  5. Terms to know: • Haploid: having a single set of chromosomes in each cell. • Diploid: having two sets of chromosomes in each cell. • Mitosis: cell division, which produces two genetically identical cells. • Meiosis: reduction division, which produces four haploid reproductive cells.

  6. Plant Life Cycle

  7. Animals vs. Plants

  8. Alternation of Generations • Plants have a double life cycle with two distinct forms: • Sporophyte: diploid, produce haploid spores by meiosis. • Gametophyte: haploid, produce gametes by mitosis.

  9. Non-flowering plants • Mosses, ferns, and related plants have motile, swimming sperm. • What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants? • What kinds of limits does external reproduction impose on these plants?

  10. Moss Life Cycle

  11. Fern Life Cycle

  12. Conifers • Conifers (also non-flowering plants) have reduced gametophytes. • Male gametophyte is contained in a dry pollen grain. • Female gametophyte is a few cells inside of the structures that become the seed.

  13. Conifer life cycle

  14. Conifer pollination • Conifers are wind-pollinated plants. • Chance allows some pollen to land on the scales of female cones. • Pollen germinates, grows a pollen tube into the egg to allow sperm to fertilize the egg. • What are some advantages and disadvantages to wind pollination?

  15. Pollen go-betweens • Showy flowers are the result of selection for more efficient pollination strategies. • Flower parts are modified leaves. Those that were brightly colored attracted insects in search of pollen. • Why would insects search for pollen? What other rewards do flowers offer? • What are advantages and disadvantages to relying on insects as pollinators?

  16. Flowers

  17. Flower Parts

  18. Incomplete flowers • Flowers are complete if they have all parts, and perfect if they have both male and female parts. • Grass flowers: incomplete, usually imperfect (separate male and female flowers) • A tulip is complete (though the sepals are the same color as the petals) and perfect.

  19. Imperfect flowers

  20. Angiosperm Life Cycle

  21. Gametogenesis: Male

  22. Gametogenesis: Female

  23. Double Fertilization

  24. Flower to Fruit

  25. Ovule to Seed

  26. Seed Anatomy

  27. Seed Germination

  28. W O R K T O G E T H E R • Use what you have learned about plant life cycles to explain why most mosses and ferns live in moist environments, but flowering plants can live just about anywhere.

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