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Triglyceride Metabolism

Triglyceride Metabolism. Jack Blazyk 3/1/04. Glycerol backbone. CH 2 — CH — CH 2. l. l. l. O. O. O. l. l. l. Ester. C=O. C=O. C=O. l. l. l. Fatty Acid. R. R’. R’’. Triglyceride Metabolism. Triglyceride = Triacylglycerol = Depot Fat. Triglyceride Metabolism.

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Triglyceride Metabolism

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  1. Triglyceride Metabolism Jack Blazyk 3/1/04

  2. Glycerol backbone CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l O O O l l l Ester C=O C=O C=O l l l Fatty Acid R R’ R’’ Triglyceride Metabolism Triglyceride = Triacylglycerol = Depot Fat

  3. Triglyceride Metabolism • Lipogenesis occurs mainly in liver, adipose and intestinal epithelial cells • Lipolysis occurs in adipose cells • Regulation via insulin and glucagon signals

  4. CoA-SH + ATP Acyl-CoA Synthase AMP + PPi O = R-C-S-CoA Lipogenesis Activation R-COOH

  5. CH2 — C — CH2 NADH + H+ NADH + H+ Glycerol 3-P Dehydrogenase l l l l NAD+ NAD+ OH O O P CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l OH OH O P Glycerol 3-P Lipogenesis DHAP

  6. CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l OH OH OH ATP Liver and kidney Glycerol Kinase ADP CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l OH OH O P Glycerol 3-P Lipogenesis Glycerol

  7. 2 Acyl-CoA Acyl Transferases 2 CoA CH2 — CH — CH2 l l O O l l l l O P O P C=O C=O Phosphatidic Acid l l R R’ Lipogenesis CH2 — CH — CH2 l l Glycerol 3-P OH OH

  8. 1,2-Diacylglycerol CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l O O OH l l CH2 — CH — CH2 C=O C=O l l l l H2O Pi O O l R R’ l l O P Phosphohydrolase C=O C=O l l R R’ Lipogenesis Phosphatidic Acid

  9. Triacylglycerol CH2 — CH — CH2 CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l l l l O O OH O O O l l l l l C=O C=O C=O C=O C=O l l Acyl-CoA CoA l l l R R’ R R’ R’’ Acyltransferase Lipogenesis 1,2-Diacylglycerol

  10. Lipogenesis • Intestinal epithelial cells • Export via chylomicrons • Liver • Export via VLDL • Adipose • Storage in cytoplasm

  11. Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach (Williams & Wilkins, 1996)

  12. 1,2-Diacylglycerol CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l H20 CH2 — CH — CH2 O O OH l l l l l O O O C=O C=O l l l l l C=O C=O C=O R R’ Triglyceride Lipase (Hormone-Sensitive Lipase) l l l + R’’-COOH R R’ R’’ Free Fatty Acid Lipolysis Triacylglycerol Adipose Cells

  13. 2-Monoacylglycerol 1,2-Diacylglycerol CH2 — CH — CH2 CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l l l l OH O OH H20 O O OH l l l C=O Diglyceride Lipase C=O C=O l l l R’ R R’ + R-COOH Free Fatty Acid Lipolysis Adipose Cells

  14. Glycerol CH2 — CH — CH2 CH2 — CH — CH2 l l l l l l OH OH OH OH O OH l H20 C=O + R’-COOH l Free Fatty Acid R’ Monoglyceride Lipase Lipolysis 2-Monoacylglycerol FFA are transported via albumin Adipose Cells

  15. Lipase Phosphatase Protein Kinase A Pi ATP ADP H2O Triglyceride Lipase - P Regulation of Lipolysis Triglyceride Lipase - OH INACTIVE Activated by insulin Activated by glucagon ACTIVE

  16. Regulation of Lipolysis • Activators • Glucagon • Epinephrine • ACTH • TSH • Growth hormone • Glucocorticoids • Thyroid hormones • Inhibitors • Insulin • Free fatty acids

  17. To see this presentation on the web go to http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/dbms-blazyk Click on My Teaching Then click on Triglyceride Metabolism

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