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Mid-Term Exam. Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) 20% of final grade three sections (concise, brief written answers) Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 one answer from choice of two questions
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Mid-Term Exam • Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) • 20% of final grade • three sections (concise, brief written answers) • Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy • lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 • one answer from choice of two questions • Part 2 Lectures – The Political-Bureaucratic Interface within a Department • lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 • one answer from choice of three questions • Part 3 Lectures – Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across Government • lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 • one answer from choice of two questions • 80 minutes • please do NOT arrive late (exam ends at 3:50 pm regardless of time of your arrival!) • have a strategy!!
“Essence of Decision” Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis October 31st, 2006
Organizational Outputs • date of discovery • range of options • implementation of blockade • naval procedures
The Bureaucratic Politics Model • Date of Discovery • 10 day delay before October 14th U-2 flight • Air Force vs. CIA • failed Air Force mission on Oct.9? • co-operative mission – Oct. 14
The Bureaucratic Politics Model • Range of Options • the President • RFK • the Armed Forces • Air Force • Navy • the Secretary of Defense • blockade • not the first choice of any one of the relevant actors
The Bureaucratic Politics Model • implementation of blockade • Navy vs. Presidential preferences for blockade • based on Navy SOPs • inititial public account that President preferences prevailed • reality – blockade operated from Navy-specified distance • "This is none of your goddamned business. We've been doing this since the days of John Paul Jones, and if you'll go back to your quarters, Mr. Secretary, we'll handle this." Admiral George W. Anderson (to Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara) • result – one (possibly several) Soviet ships passed through blockade after it was operational • crisis peak (October 27) • U-2 shot down over Cuba • US Air Force neglects to enforce Presidential order banning any further overflights
The Denouement... • blockade effective on October 22 (through November 20) • Kruschev response (Oct. 26, Oct.27) • demand the US agree not to invade Cuba • accepted publicly by JFK • demand that Jupiter missiles removed from Turkey • accepted secretly by RFK
Three Conceptual Lenses and the Cuban Missile Crisis • applying the lenses to the Soviet government • was the USSR acting as a rational-unitary actor? • organizational structure model • the Arkhipov incident – Russian naval SOPs • bureaucratic politics model
Mid-Term Exam • Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) • 20% of final grade • three sections (concise, brief written answers) • Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy • lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 • one answer from choice of two questions • Part 2 Lectures – The Political-Bureaucratic Interface within a Department • lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 • one answer from choice of three questions • Part 3 Lectures – Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across Government • lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 • one answer from choice of two questions • 80 minutes • please do NOT arrive late (exam ends at 3:50 pm regardless of time of your arrival!) • have a strategy!!