Today is Thursday November 2, 2016

1. Today is Thursday November 2, 2016 • Warm up: Identify Malcolm Gladwell’s thesis AND rewrite your thesis from yesterday to be an argument you can actually win. • Reading and Evaluating Arguments • Connection to Outliers • Next Friday’s Global Awareness topic: Opportunity • HWK: Read Outliers 3-5 (end of part 1) by next Wednesday; Take Home MC due Thursday; Precis x2 due Friday The students will be able to identify elements of argumentative writing in Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell

2. Reading & Evaluating Arguments • Be prepared to take Cornell Notes on your own sheet of paper. • Each table also needs a TEAM ANSWER SHEET for group discussion questions. • Be prepared to discuss answers to group discussion questions with the class. • Notes and answers will be submitted for review at the end of the hour.

3. Reading & Evaluating Arguments • An argument presents logical reasons and evidence to support a viewpoint or claim • ISSUE - problem or controversy about which people disagree • CLAIM - the position on the issue • SUPPORT – explanation as to why the claim is reasonable and acceptable • REFUTATION - opposing viewpoints or counterarguments

4. Types of Support • REASON– a general statement that supports a claim. • EVIDENCE – facts statistics, experiences, comparisons, and examples that show why the claim is valid. • EMOTIONAL APPEALS – ideas that are targeted toward needs or values that readers are likely to care about.

5. Malcolm Gladwell’s Argument • What is the ISSUE(s) discussed in Chapter 1 of The Outliers? • What CLAIM(s) does Gladwell make? • What reasons, evidence, and/or appeal does Gladwell provide to SUPPORT his claim(s)? • What REFUTATION(s) does Gladwell make? • Is Gladwell’s ARGUMENT convincing? Why or why not?

6. Malcolm Gladwell’s Argument • What is the ISSUE(s) discussed in Chapter 2 of The Outliers? • What is Gladwell’s CLAIM(s)? • What logical reasons and evidence does Gladwell provide to SUPPORT his claim? • What REFUTATION(s) does Gladwell make? • Is Gladwell’s ARGUMENT convincing? Why or why not?

7. Types of Claims • Claim of FACT – statement that can be proven or verified by observation or research • Example: Within ten years, destruction of rain forests will cause hundreds of plant and animal species to become extinct. • What claims of fact does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

8. Types of Claims • Claim of VALUE – states that one thing or idea is better or more desirable than another. • Example: Requiring community service in high school will produce more community-aware graduates. • What claims of value does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

9. Types of Claims • Claim of POLICY – suggests what should or ought to be done to solve a problem. • To reduce school violence, more gun and metal detectors should be installed in public schools. • What claims of policy does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

10. Inductive and Deductive Arguments • INDUCTIVE - reaches a general conclusion from observed specifics (specific  general). • By observing the performance of a large number of athletes, you could conclude that athletes possess physical stamina. • What inductive reasoning does Gladwell use in Chapter 1? Chapter 2?

11. Inductive and Deductive Arguments • DEDUCTIVE - begins with a major premise and moves toward a more specific statement or minor premise (general  specific). • Athletes possess physical stamina. Because Anthony is an athlete, he must possess physical stamina. • What deductive reasoning does Gladwell use in Chapter 1? Chapter 2?

12. Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus • Claims of Fact • Claims of Value • Claims of Policy • Inductive Reasoning • Deductive Reasoning

13. Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus • Evidence – Identify types of evidence in Chapters 3 & 4 and note whether or not it is sufficient to support the claim and why. • Personal Experience – Identify and explain how it reveals Gladwell’s bias. • Examples – Identify and note whether or not they are used alone or in conjunction with other examples. Explain how using examples in conjunction strengthens the argument.

14. Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus • Statistics – Identify and note whether they are misused, manipulated, or misinterpreted and explain how so. • Comparisons and Analogies – Identify and discuss how reliable they are (i.e., how closely they correspond to the situation). • Relevancy and Sufficiency of Evidence – Note in the margin whether or not the kind of evidence used is relevant and/or sufficient.

15. Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus • Definition of Terms – Identify new, technical, or special terms and note whether or not Gladwell sufficiently defines and/or explains them. • Cause-Effect Relationships – Identify and discuss effects on the intended audience. • Implied or Stated Value System – Note when Gladwell’s values seem to be consistent (or inconsistent) with yours.

16. Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus • Recognizing and Refuting Opposing Viewpoints • Feel free to question the accuracy, relevancy, or sufficiency of Gladwell’s evidence. Note questions/challenges in the margins. • Note whether or not Gladwell addresses opposing viewpoints clearly and fairly. • Note whether or not Gladwell refutes opposing viewpoints with logic and relevant evidence.