Adverbs and Prepositions

1. Adverbs and Prepositions

2. Adverb • An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another verb.

3. Just as an adjective makes the meaning of a noun or a pronoun more definite, an adverb makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb more definite. • Examples • Reporters quickly gather the news. • The route is too long. • Our newspaper carrier delivers the paper very early.

4. Adverbs answer the following questions Where? Please put the package there. When? I will call you later. How? Softly, I shut my door. How often or how long? Alanna always reads science fiction novels. To what extent or how much? The lemonade was too sour.

5. Common Adverbs • Where? here, there, away, up, outside • When? now, then, later, soon, ago • How? clearly, easily, quietly, slowly • How often or how long? never, always, often, seldom, usually, forever • To what extent or how much? very, hardly, almost, really, most, nearly, less

6. Adverbs may come before, after, or between the words they modify. Quietly, she will tiptoe from the stage. She will quietly tiptoe from the stage. She will tiptoe quietly from the stage.

7. Practice • Williamsburg is a very interesting place. • Visitors to Williamsburg can truly imagine what life must have been like in the 1700s. • Williamsburg was carefully built to resemble a small town of the past. • On one street a wigmaker slowly makes old-fashioned powder wigs.

8. Nearby, a silversmith designs beautiful candlesticks, platters, and jewelry. • Down the block, the bookbinder skillfully crafts book covers out of leather. • Nowadays, many curious tourists visit the bootmaker’s shop. • Another very popular craftsmen makes lovely musical instruments.

9. Williamsburg definitely gives tourists the feeling that they have visited the past. • His neighbor, the blacksmith, is certainly important because he makes shoes for horses. • In colonial times people could seldom afford new shoes for themselves.

10. I ______________ watch TV after school. • You will _________ bait a hook yourself. • My little sister crept down the stairs _____________. • Do you think that you can ___________ find the answer to the math problem? • She is ____________ eager for lunch. • In the evening, the African drums beat _____________.

11. People in the highest balcony could ___________ hear the speakers onstage. • Does thunder _____________ follow lightning? • Would you dim the light ____________ for me? • The sky over Honolulu was ____________ clear that I could see for miles.

12. Tues., Feb. 7 • HW: Workbook Page 8, Exercises A & B

13. Preposition • A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence. -Your math book is underneath your coat, Allen. -The one behind us honked his horn.

14. Notice how changing the preposition in the following sentences changes the relationship between hit and net. • I hit the ball over the net. • I hit the ball into the net. • I hit the ball under the net. • I hit the ball against the net. • I hit the ball across the net.

15. Some prepositions are made up of more than one word. These are called compound prepositions. • according to in addition to • next to aside from • in place of on account of • because of in spite of out of

16. A preposition always has at least on noun or pronoun as an object. This noun or pronoun is called the object of the preposition. The preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object make up a prepositional phrase. Generally, the object of the preposition follows the preposition. • The pile of dry leaves had grown much larger. • He poured sauce over the pizza.

17. A preposition may have more than one object. • The flea collar is for cats and dogs. • My big sister had to decide between the University of Wisconsin and Carroll College.

18. Practice • Yesterday afternoon, we planted a sapling behind the garage. • I bought a pattern for a skirt. • They live near the airport. • For his birthday, my brother wants a guitar.

19. The pictures won’t be developed until Friday or Monday. • I received a letter from my aunt and uncle. • The largest of all falcons is the arctic falcon.

20. What are the answers to the third and fourth questions? • There are many uses for peanuts. • I think that you might need a graphing calculator for that problem.

21. Our rowboat rests ___________ Mournful Beach. • Follow the path ___________ the treasure. • Notice that Skull Rock lies ___________ the cliff • A sandy path leads ___________ the stone ruins. • Did you jump ___________ the fallen tree along the cliff?

22. Wed., Feb. 8 • HW: Page 9, Exercise A; Page 10, Exercise A

23. Preposition or Adverb • Some words may be used as both prepositions and adverbs. Remember that a preposition always has at least one noun or pronoun as an object. An adverb never does. If you can’t tell whether a word is used as an adverb or a preposition, look for an object.

24. Preposition • Clouds gathered above us. • Adverb • Clouds gather above. • Preposition • Meet me outside the gym tomorrow morning. • Adverb • Meet me outside tomorrow morning.

25. Before it rains, bring your bike in. • Had you ever seen an authentic Chinese New Year Parade before? • Bright red and green lights sparkled down the street. • Smoke from the campfire quickly disappeared in the heavy fog.

26. Andy turned the log over and found, fat, squirming worms. • A submarine surfaced next to an aircraft carrier. • Will we read a poem by Nikki Giovanni next?

27. Turn that stereo down right now! • Millicent, did you remember to send a thank-you note to Mr. Bernstein? • What kind of dog is that?

28. Thurs., Feb. 9 • HW: Page 9, Exercise B; Page 10, Exercise B