Warm Up

1. Warm Up • What Countries were superpowers during the Cold War? • What was the Cold War over? • Describe the United Nations? • What was the “Iron Curtain”?

2. The Cold War

3. Superpowers Face off • YALTA CONFERENCE • Creation of UN • Differing US and Soviet Goals

4. Creation of an Iron Curtain • Soviets want a buffer • Divides the East and the West

5. Containment • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift

6. Rival Alliances • NATO • United States, Canada and 10 Western European countries • WARSAW PACT • USSR, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania

7. China • Civil War resumed from 1946-1949 • Nationalists backed by the United States • Communists backed by the Soviet Union • China will split • Nationalist flee to Taiwan • Communists control the Mainland

8. China • Great Leap Forward • Started 1958 • Created communes • People lived and worked together • Was a huge failure, people had no incentive to work hard • Ended in 1961 • Cultural Revolution 1966-68 • Started by the Red Guard • Wanted to establish a society which all were equal • Made peasants heroes and intellectuals were considered useless and dangerous

9. Korea • Korea was divided after WWII with Soviets controlling the North and America the South • June 1950 North Korea attacks South, South asks UN for help • 15 nations help the South • Korea is still divided along the 38th parallel • Demilitarized Zones • South Prospers while the North Struggles

10. Vietnam • Before the WWII Vietnam was a French colony • Vietnamese felt they should get independence after the War • French attempt to reassert control and Rebels backed by Communists fought the French • When French gave up America entered to fight the communists based on the Domino Theory

11. Vietnam • By 1970’s war unpopular in America began withdrawing troops • Nixon’s plan of Vietnamization to withdraw troops and have the South fight more was a failure as the North overran the South in 1975

12. Southeast Asia • 1975 Communist rebels known as the Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot took over Cambodia • Slaughtered over 2 million people (1/4 the population) • Vietnam invaded but fighting continued until 1993

13. Cuba • Fidel Castro led revolution against a U.S. backed Cuban government • Castro calls on USSR for economic support • Bay of Pigs = failed overthrow of Castro developed by U.S.

14. Cuban Missile Crisis • USSR secretly builds 42 missile sites in Cuba • Most tense moments of Cold War • USSR removes missiles on U.S. promise of no invasion of Cuba

15. Middle East • U.S. supports Shah of Iran • Muslim leader Ayatollah Khomeini works to overthrow shah, takes power • Khomeini hates U.S. • Holds American hostages for 444 days • Encouraged Islamic militants

16. Afghanistan • Afghan rebels fight to remove Soviet influence in Afghanistan • U.S. supports rebels • USSR withdraws

17. Cold War Thaws • USSR satellite nations fight against controlling USSR • U.S. follows a policy of détente with communist nations under Richard Nixon • Détente = cooling of tension • Tensions increased under President Carter, but new leadership in USSR and President Ronald Reagan’s leadership lead to end of Cold War