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Succession: Changing Communities After Disasters and Disturbances

Explore how natural disasters and human disturbances can lead to changes in communities through primary and secondary succession. Understand the steps involved in each type of succession and learn about pioneer species. Answer questions and gain insights into the process of succession.

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Succession: Changing Communities After Disasters and Disturbances

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  1. Succession

  2. Succession • Fire, floods, volcanoes, hurricanes, and other natural disasters can change communities in a short period of time. • Even without a disaster, communities change. • Succession • The natural processes by which one community of organisms slowly replaces another in a certain area. • 2 Types • Primary • Secondary

  3. Primary Succession • Primary Succession • The series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem previously existed. • Steps • Land created by volcanic eruption or retreat of glacier • No soil present • Pioneer Species • The first organisms to live in an area. • Usually lichens or mosses that grow on rocks • Break up the rocks to form soil. • Soil development • Seeds of plants land in new soil and begin to grow • Several hundred-thousand years

  4. Primary Succession

  5. Primary Succession

  6. Secondary Succession • Secondary succession • The series of changes that occur after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. • Ex. Fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, farming, logging, or mining. • Occurs in a place where an ecosystem has previously existed • Occurs more rapidly than primary succession • Around 100 years

  7. Secondary Succession

  8. Secondary Succession

  9. Primary Secondary Restores previous ecosystem Creates new ecosystem Example: New land created by volcanic eruption Example: An area destroyed by fire Succession Summary Succession

  10. Summary Questions • How are primary and secondary succession different? • What is a pioneer species? • Give two examples of natural disturbances and two examples of human disturbances that can result in secondary succession. • Grass poking through the cracks in a sidewalk is an example of succession. Is this primary or secondary succession? Explain.

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