Life in the Colonies

1. Life in the Colonies Period 2 – Lecture 2 AP U.S. History

2. Think About It • To what extent did the First Great Awakening maintain continuity and foster change in English colonial development?

3. Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration Protestant dominant Anglican Church Congregationalist Presbyterian Lutheran Catholic Colonial Religion • The (First) Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) • Evangelism • Revivalism • Itinerant preachers • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield • Old Lights and New Lights - Debate • Baptists and Methodists

4. Colonial Religion

5. Colonial Politics • Limited Self-Government • Elected bicameral legislative assemblies • Governors • Local governments • Voting • Limited to adult male educated and/or property owners • Freedom of Expression • John Peter Zenger Case (1735)

6. Dominion of New England (1686-1689) Established by King James II to consolidate colonies Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey Governor Edmund Andros Dissolution

7. Becoming American Pragmatism Dominance of English culture Folkways Regional differences Colonial Society And Colonial Culture • American Social Structure • Wealthy landowners • Merchants • Small farmers • Craftspeople • Slaves • Regional differences • Opportunity • Less dependent on heredity • Gender Roles • Men • Patriarchal society • Landowners/laborers • Women • Submissive to men but respected • domestic responsibilities • limited to no political rights

8. Colonial Culture - The Arts • Architecture • Early colonies centered around a church • Urban structures typical of English structures • Frontier log cabins • Literature • Newspapers • Religious sermons, political essays, non-fiction books • Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin

9. Colonial Culture - Education • Limited to wealthy males; females learned domestic chores • Higher Education • Most established for ministry or theological studies • New England Colonies • Education by mothers • Towns with over 50 families • required primary schools • Town with over 100 families • required grammar schools • Middle Colonies • Private and church education • Southern Colonies • Limited education due to agricultural lifestyle

10. 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775 Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor Settlement and Migration

11. Colonial Slavery • Indentured servitude • Why Slaves? • Increased wages in England • Labor shortages lead to importing slaves • Cheap labor • Dependable work force • Slave Rebellions and Reactions • Stono Rebellion • New York “Conspiracy” (1741) • Slave laws

12. Slave Demographics

13. Colonial Economics • Mercantilism • Colonies for the “Mother Country” • Acts of Navigation • Trade on English ships • Imports pass English ports • Exports to England • Molasses Act (1733) • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage

14. Money Commodity money (gold/silver) Fiat money (paper currency) Transportation Rivers and coasts Horse and carriage Taverns and postal services New England Shipbuilding and manufacturing Lumber Fishing and whaling Merchants/Trade Middle Colonies Wheat and corn Lumber Manufacturing Merchants/Trade Southern Colonies Plantation systems Tobacco, rice, indigo Forced labor Indentured servants and slaves Colonial Economics

15. () - Becomes an English colony