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Tools and Measurement

Tools and Measurement. Chapter 1 Section 4. Vocabulary. Meter - the basic SI unit of length. Area - the measure of how much surface an object has. Volume - the amount of space that something occupies or, the amount of space that something contains.

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Tools and Measurement

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  1. Tools and Measurement Chapter 1 Section 4

  2. Vocabulary • Meter - the basic SI unit of length. • Area - the measure of how much surface an object has. • Volume - the amount of space that something occupies or, the amount of space that something contains. • Mass - the amount of matter that something is made of. • Density- the amount of matter in a given volume. • Temperature - the measure of how hot or cold something is.

  3. Would you use a hammer to tighten a bolt on a bicycle? You need the right tool to do the job. Scientists also use tools to help them in their experiments. A tool is anything that helps you do a task.

  4. There are . . . • Tool for Measuring • Stopwatches • Metersticks • Balances • Spring Scales • Thermometers • Graduated Cylinders • Tools for Analyzing • Calculator • Computer • Graphs and Charts • Pencil and Paper

  5. Measurement • Reliable measurements are an important skill in science. • There are many different systems of measurement used throughout the world. • In England, the standard for an inch was three grains of barley. • Other units were based on body parts (foot). • These systems were not reliable or standardized.

  6. The International System of Units • International System of Units, or SI. • Today, most scientist use this system of measurement. • One advantage is that scientist can easily share information.

  7. Other Advantages of SI Units • Units are based on the number 10. • Common SI units: • Length: meter (m) • Volume: cubic meter (cm3) • Mass: kilogram (kg) • Temperature: Kelvin (K)

  8. Common SI Units Kangaroos Hop Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk

  9. Length • The meter is the basic SI unit of length. • To measure smaller things, you need to use centimeters (cm = 1/100 of a meter). • Millimeters (mm) are smaller. • Micrometers (μm) and nanometers (nm) are even smaller.

  10. Area • Area is the measure of how much surface an object has. Area = length X width • The units for area are called square units. m2 or cm2 or km2

  11. The Equation Can Also Be Rearranged To Find Length and Width area length width

  12. Volume • The amount of space that something occupies or, the amount of space that something contains.

  13. Volume of a Liquid • The volume of a liquid is often given in liters (L). • Liters are based on the meter. • A cubic meter (1 m3) = 1000 L. • A cubic centimeter (1 cm3) = 1 mL • Graduated cylinders are used to measure the volume of liquids.

  14. Volume of a Solid • The volume of a large solid is given in cubic meters (m3). • The volume of smaller objects can be given in cubic centimeters (cm3) or cubic millimeters (mm3). • The volume of box-shaped items can be determined by multiplying the objects length X width X depth.

  15. Displacement To find the volume of irregular shaped items… 7 mL of water 4 mL of water Since we know that 1 mL = 1 cm3, the volume of the bolt is 3 cm3.

  16. Mass • The amount of matter that something is made of. • The kilogram (kg) is the basic SI unit for the mass of large objects. • The gram (g) is used for smaller objects. • Very large objects are given in metric tons. • A metric ton = 1000 kg

  17. mass volume Density • The amount of matter in a given volume. • Density = • Since density is the ratio of mass to volume, units often used for density are g/mL and g/cm3.

  18. mass density volume The Equation Can Also Be Rearranged To Find Mass and Volume

  19. Temperature • The measure of how hot or cold something is. • Scientists commonly use degrees Celsius (oC) although Kelvin (K) is the official SI unit for temperature. • We will always use Celsius.

  20. How Do Fahrenheit and Celsius Compare?

  21. How To Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and Visa Versa • Celsius to Fahrenheit • Determine the temperature in Fahrenheit • Using your calculator, subtract 32 • Multiply the result times 5 • Divide that answer by 9 • Your final answer is the temperature in Celsius • Fahrenheit to Celsius • Determine the temperature in Celsius • Using your calculator, multiply the temperature times 1.8 • Add 32 to the result • Your final answer is the temperature in Fahrenheit

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