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Measurement: Tools and Units

Measurement: Tools and Units. Distance. Base Unit: meter (m) Also Common: km, cm, mm Length is a measure of distance. Tool: Meter Stick, Ruler 1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm. To Find the Length of an object:. Determine what units to use (based on size).

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Measurement: Tools and Units

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  1. Measurement: Tools and Units

  2. Distance • Base Unit: meter (m) • Also Common: km, cm, mm • Length is a measure of distance. • Tool: Meter Stick, Ruler • 1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm

  3. To Find the Length of an object: • Determine what units to use (based on size). • Line up one end of the object with “zero” (be careful here!). • Read the mark where the other end of the object is. Estimate between marks. cm 1 2 3 4 5

  4. Measurement Practice Measure and record the following distances: • Length of one expo marker = _____ cm • Diameter of one expo marker = _____ mm • Length of one table (long edge) = _____ m • Width of one table (short edge) = _____ m • Thickness of table (just the top) = _____ cm • Length of one floor tile = _____ cm • Length of room (door to door) = _____ m • Width of room (wall to wall) = _____ m

  5. Mass • Unit: gram (g) • Also Common: kg, mg • Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object (amount of “stuff”). • Tool: Triple-Beam Balance

  6. Mass • NOTE!!! • Mass is NOT the same thing as weight! • Mass is a measure of how much matter is in an object. • Weight is a force that can be calculated based on an object’s mass. • On the moon… • A person will have the same mass as on Earth • A person will weigh less than on Earth

  7. Using a Triple-Beam Balance: • Zero the Balance • Make sure the Pan is clean. Move the sliders to zero and make sure the pointer lines up with the zero line. • Place the Object on the Pan • Move the Sliders until the Pointer lines up with the Zero Line • Start with 100’s slider, then 10’s, then 1’s. • Add the Sliders together

  8. The “Cup” Method • If you are trying to find the mass of an object that will not stay on the pan (marble): • Place an empty cup on the pan and find its mass. • Place the object in the cup and find the new mass. • Subtract the mass of the cup (1) from the mass of the object and cup together (2). You are left with the mass of the object.

  9. Using a Digital Scale • Make sure the scale is plugged in and turned on. • Check to make sure the units are “g” for grams. • If not, push the “mode” button until the units are “g”. • Zero the balance by pressing “zero”. • Wait until the balance reads “0.0 g”. • Place your object on the pan. • Record the mass on the display. • Note: For cup method, place the empty cup on the pan, THEN zero the balance.

  10. Mass Measurement Practice Measure and record the following masses with both the triple-beam balance and the digital scale: • Mass of one expo marker • Mass of one wooden ruler • Mass of one marble • Mass of one tennis ball • Mass of one plastic ball • Mass of one metal cube • Mass of empty grad. cylinder • Mass of 50 mL of water

  11. Volume • Base Unit: Liter (L) • Also Common: mL, cm3, cc • Volume is a measure of how much space something takes up. • Tools: Graduated Cylinder or Ruler • Meniscus: the curve that a liquid makes inside the graduated cylinder • Read the bottom of the curve! • Volume can also be calculated using a mathematical formula (for regular shapes)

  12. Volume by Formula • Used for finding the volume of regularly shaped objects • Rectangular Prism • V = length x width x height • Sphere • V = 4/3 xpi x radius3 • Cylinder • V = pi x radius 2x height

  13. Volume by Displacement • Used for finding the volume of irregularly shaped objects (object must sink in water) • Record the beginning water level. • Carefully slide the object into the graduated cylinder. • Record the new water level. • The change in water level is equal to the volume of the object.

  14. Volume Measurement Practice Measure and get Mr. Hanna’s initial for: • 60 mL of water 2. 44 mL of water Use a formula to measure the volume of: • Wooden Block = _____ cm3 • Ping Pong Ball = _____ cc • Big Metal Cube = _____ cm3 • Plastic Cylinder = _____ cc Use displacement to measure the volume of: • Metal Block = _____ cm3 • Marble = _____ cc • Small Metal Cube = _____ cm3 • Rock = _____ cc

  15. Temperature • Unit: Degrees Celsius(⁰C) • Also Common: Kelvin (K) • Temperature is a measure of the speed of the particles in a substance • Tool: Thermometer • Usually, the thermometer is filled with red alcohol that will expand or contract depending on the kinetic energy of the molecules.

  16. Time • Unit: Seconds (s) • Also Common: Minutes (min), Hours (hr) • Tool: Stop Watch • Press blue button to turn on. • Press yellow button once to start timing. • Press yellow button once to stop timing. • Press blue button to re-set time to zero.

  17. Density • Unit: grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or grams per milliliter (g/mL) • Density is a value that represents how tightly packed the particles are in a substance • Calculated, not measured! • d = m/v • Density equals mass divided by volume m d v

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