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Friendly Warning : Test # 3 Thursday, 26 July 2012

Friendly Warning : Test # 3 Thursday, 26 July 2012. Covers “1960s” Chapters 4 & 5 Review sheets and PowerPoints to be posted on course web this afternoon. No Materials for Test # 3 after this point. Anything after this slide is on Test # 4 (to be scheduled 30/31 July 2012).

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Friendly Warning : Test # 3 Thursday, 26 July 2012

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  1. Friendly Warning :Test # 3Thursday, 26 July 2012 Covers “1960s”Chapters 4 & 5 Review sheets and PowerPoints to be posted on course web this afternoon

  2. No Materials for Test # 3 after this point. Anything after this slide ison Test # 4(to be scheduled 30/31 July 2012)

  3. Black Music in 1960s-70s • Motown Records (Detroit)- Berry Gordy, Jr.- R & B for White Audiences • Stax Records (Memphis)- “Southern Soul”- gospel influence (= authenticity) • Atlantic Records (NYC)- 1950s Sweet Soul (Lieber & Stoller)- Jerry Wexler (leads label in 1960s)

  4. Motown

  5. Berry Gordy (b. 1929) • Boxer, military, songwriter, etc. • 1959 – borrows $ 800 to start R&B label, UA distributes • 1960 – merges into MOTOWN- Mary Wells (1st star)- Smokey Robinson (songwriter) • Mary Wells - You Beat Me To The Punch – YouTube (1962) • Mary Wells - My Guy [Very Good(+) quality (Live, 1964) – YouTube (1964 #1 R& B of year)

  6. Motown • Producer oriented (Gordy) • Detroit Session Musicians • Holland-Dozier-Holland • “Funk” Brothers (band) • Head Arrangements • Choreography • “Charm School” • “…buy this record or buy a sandwich?”

  7. The Temptations • The Distants, The Elgins, etc. • Motown contract (1961)- no hits for 3-4 years- experiment w/ sound (who’s lead?) • Breakthrough (1964) : YouTube - The Temptations - The Way You Do The Things You Do (record: textbook, 232) • YouTube - My Girl (David Ruffin, lead) • The Temptations: My Girl and The Way You Do The Things You Do 1965 – YouTube (examples of choreography) • 2nd longest running Motown act(1961-77, 1980-2004)

  8. The Supremes • Detroit high school cover act (doo wop, pop, soul, etc.) • Motown contract (1961)- initially rejected- hang out at Hitsville, USA • “no-hit” Supremes (1961-63) • Holland-Dozier-Holland songs • Diana Ross – lead w/ backupsFlorence Ballard & Mary White • YouTube - the supremes where did our love go (1964 # 1 pop) • YouTube - The Supremes Baby Love (1964 # 1) • Most commercially successful Motown act

  9. The Four Tops • Detroit high schoolers • Regional supper club act- no hits but….- polished stage act • Join Motown (1963) • H-D-H instrumental track- 4 Tops add vocals (1964)- YouTube - The Four Tops - Baby I Need Your Loving • YouTube - THE FOUR TOPS - I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch) • Levi Stubbs (Baritone, lead)

  10. Martha and the Vandellas • Martha Reeves – local talent shows • Del-phis (1957)- Reeves (age 16 & younger friends)- records for Checkmate • Motown (1962) – hired as secretary • Back-up singer for absent Mary Wells • Motown contract – Vandellas (1962 • YouTube - Martha & the Vandellas – Heatwave (1963) • YouTube - Martha & The Vandellas "Dancing in the Streets“(1964, signature song)

  11. Holland-Dozier-Holland • Primary Motown Songwriting Team (1962-7) • Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Edward Holland, Jr. • 1967 – dispute w/ Gordy- leave label in 1968- 10-year legal battle • 1968 – found Invictus and Hot Wax records • 1977 – Gordy wins lawsuit

  12. The Funk Brothers • Motown “house” band- Detroit session players- 1959-1972 • 13 core players (uncredited) • Innovative techniques- 2 drummers (most tracks)- unusual instruments & effects (toy piano, tire iron) • Disbanded 1972- Motown moves to L.A.- few go west

  13. Solo Singers / Independent Artists Marvin Gaye Jackson 5 “Little” Stevie Wonder

  14. Stevie Wonder • b. 1950 (blind from birth) • Motown contract – 1961“Little Stevie Wonder” • Examples- Little Stevie Wonder - Fingertips, Pt II (Live, 1963) [HD video] – YouTube- Stevie Wonder - Uptight – YouTube (1966) • 1968 – “Eivets Rednow”instrumental jazz (failure)- Stevie Wonder - Ruby - YouTube • 1971 – Motown contract expires on 21st birthday

  15. Stax Records • Memphis (small) independent label (1957 - ) • Close relationship w/ Atlantic Records (NYC)- licensed Stax recordings- loaned performers • House Band- Booker T and the MG’s (Memphis Group)- active as producers, songwriters, etc. • Songwriters- Isaac Hayes, David Porter- Steve Cropper

  16. Booker T and the MG’s Booker T. Jones (keyboards) Al Jackson, Jr. (Drums) Donald “Duck” Dunn (bass) Steve Cropper (guitar)

  17. Gospel • 1930 - National Baptist Convention endorses • Vocal Quartets • Expressive soloists • Pianos, guitars, drums • YouTube - Take Me Back by Andrae Crouch w/ Israel & New Breed • YouTube - Trouble of the World - Mahalia Jackson

  18. Otis Redding • 1941-1967 • “King of Soul” • Church Choir, Sam Cooke & Little Richard • YouTube - Otis Redding Sings Respect • Work w/ Steve Cropper • YouTube - Otis Redding-Sitting on the dock of the bay

  19. Wilson Pickett • 1941-2006 • “Wicked Pickett” • Church choir/Gospel • Falcons (for secular markets) • “delayed backbeats” (2 & 4)(NYC dance) • Wilson Pickett - In the Midnight Hour – YouTube • Mustang Sally by Wilson Pickett - YouTube

  20. Aretha Franklin • “Queen of Soul” • Daughter of Minister • Earliest vocal experience in church • YouTube - Aretha Franklin "Lady Soul" TV-Special 1968 Pt. 1 (“Natural Woman”) • YouTube - Respect

  21. Sam and Dave • 1964 – signed to Atlantic • Loaned to Stax- songs by Porter & Hayes- Booker T & MGs backup • Emphasis on Gospel / “Soul” • Examples- Sam & Dave - Hold On I'm Comin' (best quality + lyrics) – YouTube- Sam & Dave - Soul Man (best quality + lyrics) – YouTube • Saturday Night Live (“Blues Brothers” with Cropper, Dunn, et al.)- YouTube - Blues Brothers "Soul Man" Live

  22. The Stax Sound • Gospel influence- emotional singing style from church • Delayed “backbeat”- “late beat 2” (imitation of NYC dance) • “Improvisatory feel”- more relaxed sound vs. Motown’s structure • Solo voices (few backups or groups) • Strong Studio Musicians - Booker T & MG’s- “Muscle Shoals” sound- occasional use of horns

  23. 1968 • Motown remade by Berry Gordy, Jr.- Holland-Dozier-Holland quits- 1969 begins move to LA (TV & motion pictures)- Martha Reeves, 4 Tops, Funk Bros. etc., stay in Detroit or move to other labels • Stax Problems- Otis Redding dies (1967)- label sold to Gulf & Western (1968)- Sam and Dave back to Atlantic (1968) • Assassination of MLK (4 April 1968, Memphis)

  24. James Brown • “Godfather of Soul” • “Hardest working man in show business” • Flames : James Brown From TAMI Rock Concert 1964 - Please Please Please & Night Train - YouTube • James Brown Show Band : YouTube - James Brown - I Feel Good • (JBSB) James Brown - Papa's Got A Brand New Bag pt.1 - YouTube • 5 April 1968 : YouTube - The Night James Brown Saved Boston 8/1 (see esp. part 8/4) • Heading toward “Funk” : YouTube - james brown,say it loud i'm black and i'm proud

  25. Chapter 7 Starts Here “Psychedelia” Defined as: “the realm or artifacts of psychedelic drugs, art, writings, or the like”psychedelic = “intensified sensory perception”

  26. Psychedelia

  27. Youth Culture in 1960s • Baby Boom (1946-64)- 4 million births per year (1954-1965)- 4 out 10 Americans under 20 (1965) • Suspicious / Questioning Adult values- “Corruption” of Adults- Vietnam, Civil Rights, etc. • “Never trust anyone over 30”- Berkeley Free Speech Movement (1964)

  28. “Higher Consciousness” • Knowing Reality as is it (truly) is…. • Based in Eastern Religions (Yoga, Buddhism, Sufisim, Hinduism, Tao) • Application of spiritual awareness- Think about it… (literally)- patience, kindness, truthfulness, humility and forgiveness towards one's fellow man • Higher Truths sought through meditation/study

  29. LSD “turn on, tune in, drop out” Timothy Leary (1920-1996)

  30. LSD • Lysergic acid diethylamideor just “acid” • Psychotropic (mood altering) • Wide range of physical and psychological reactions • Ken Kesey & Merry Pranksters- Beat generation / Hippie- author (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest) - “Acid Tests” • Entheogenic Drug- literally “becoming divine within”- contact w/ “greater spiritual order”

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