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Drilling Technology

Drilling Technology. Purpose. AECOM hires drilling contractors for: Geotechnical sampling Environmental remediation Other projects Drilling Contractors use various drilling technologies Auger Direct Push Sonic Rotary Cable Tool. Ivy Station, Culver City, California. Objective.

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Drilling Technology

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  1. Drilling Technology

  2. Purpose • AECOM hires drilling contractors for: • Geotechnical sampling • Environmental remediation • Other projects • Drilling Contractors use various drilling technologies • Auger • Direct Push • Sonic • Rotary • Cable Tool Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  3. Objective • After completing this course you should be able to: • Explain the function of different drill rigs • Identify and define drill rig parts • Describe drill rig hazards Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  4. Drill Rigs • Mobilization: • Track-based • Truck vehicles • Size range • Large (100 ton) • Medium (used in buildings) • Small (hand-moved) Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  5. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Connects the drill rig power source to the drill stem Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  6. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Extends the drill stem for deeper drilling Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  7. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Levels the rig so the drill stem advances perpendicular to the ground Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  8. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Powers drilling equipment (not found on all rig types) Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  9. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Moves the drilling unit (motors, pulleys, masts, etc.) backwards or forwards Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  10. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Control panel • Contains the switches and gauges used to monitor or control the drilling process • Emergency kill switch • Located on the control panel and used to cut power to the drilling mechanism • Secondary switches may be located elsewhere on the rig Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  11. Drill Rig – Key Parts • Raises and lowers the drill rods, auger flights, sampling tools, etc. Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  12. Drill Rig – Key Parts • A cylinder shaped drum that uses friction on a rope to lift items • Not all drill rigs have catheads. Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  13. Drill Rig – Hazards • Outriggers/leveling jacks • Crushing hazard • Cable hoist system • Rotational hazard • Cut scrape hazard • Drill rods • Rotational hazard • Cut scrape hazard • Deck engine • Fire/burn hazard Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  14. Auger Drilling • Auger drilling uses a helical screw to lift earth out of the borehole • Two types of auger drilling • Solid Stem (SSA) • Hollow Stem (HSA) Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  15. Solid Stem Augers – Key Parts • Metal strip welded onto the solid stem that lifts the soil out of the borehole Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  16. Solid Stem Augers – Key Parts • Breaks up soil or rock Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  17. Solid Stem Augers – Key Parts • Enables drilling and sampling while continually casing the borehole as augers are advanced Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  18. Solid Stem Augers – Key Parts • Prevents soil from entering the hollow stem auger Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  19. Solid Stem Augers – Key Parts • Rod inside hollow stem that connects to the removable plug Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  20. Auger Drilling – Key Parts • A standard penetration test (SPT) hammer is used to drive a split-spoon sampler into the soil • The hammer can be an automatic hammer or hammer operated off the cathead Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  21. Auger Drilling – Key Parts • Uses hydraulic power to break and turn the drilling rod Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  22. Auger Drilling – Hazards • Standard penetration test hammer • Pinching/crushing hazard • Cathead • Rotational/pinching hazard • Spinning augers/drill rod • Rotational hazard • Breakout wrenches • Pinching hazard • Leveling jacks • Crushing hazard Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  23. Direct Push • Advances the drill string by hydraulically pushing or hammering • Direct push uses two methods • Percussion hammer • Cone penetration testing (CPT) Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  24. Direct Push Percussion Hammer – Key Parts • Rod sections used to push sampling tools Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  25. Direct Push Percussion Hammer – Key Parts • Raise / lower push rods or sampling tools Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  26. Direct Push Percussion Hammer – Key Parts • Raise / lower push rods or sampling tools Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  27. Direct Push Percussion Hammer – Key Parts • Advances push rod into the ground Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  28. Direct Push Percussion Hammer – Key Parts • Provides a counter balance when pulling push rods out of the borehole Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  29. Direct Push with Cone Penetration Testing • A CPT device is a cylindrical probe with a cone-shaped tip with sensors • CPT probes measure the stress on the tip, the sleeve friction, and the pore water pressure • The data is read by a field computer that displays it in real-time and stores it at regular depth intervals Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  30. Direct Push with Cone Penetration Testing- Key Parts • Onboard Computer Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  31. Direct Push with Cone Penetration Testing- Key Parts • Advances the tool string by applying a hydraulic ram against the weight or mass of the vehicle Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  32. Direct Push with Cone Penetration Testing- Key Parts • Pipe sections used to push sampling tool into the ground Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  33. Direct Push – Hazards • Winch lines • Cuts/scrapes hazard • Hydraulic hammer and ram • Noise hazard • Drop hammer (if equipped) • Pinching/crushing hazard • Mast foot • Crushing hazard • Leveling jacks • Crushing hazard Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  34. Sonic Drilling • Sends high frequency resonant vibrations down the drill string to the drill bit • Resonance magnifies the amplitude of the drill bit, which fluidizes the soil at the bit face • The weight of the drill head pushes the drill stem into the ground Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  35. Sonic – Key Parts • Contains oscillators that produce high frequency sinusoidal force along the axis of drill pipe • Rotates drill pipe Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  36. Sonic – Key Parts • Pipe is used as both drill pipe and casing • Typically use 6” outer casing and 4” inner sampling barrel Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  37. Sonic – Key Parts • Uses opposing hydraulic controlled wrenches to break joints Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  38. Sonic Drilling – Hazards • Drill pipe • Rotational hazard • Breakout wrench • Pinching hazard • Leveling jacks • Crushing hazard Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  39. Rotary (Water, Mud, or Air) • A rotating drill bit penetrates the formation to loosen earth • Cuttings are removed by circulating drilling fluid or air past the bit and pumping it out of the borehole Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  40. Rotary – Key Parts • Connection for the drill rod and fluid/air pipe Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  41. Rotary – Key Parts • Turns drill bit and delivers fluid or air Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  42. Rotary – Key Parts • Delivers fluid or air past bit and up into settling pit Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  43. Rotary – Key Parts • Allows particles to settle out Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  44. Rotary – Key Parts • Can be a roller bit, button, bit, or down-hole hammer Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  45. Rotary - Hazards • Deck engine • Fire/burns hazard • Drilling rod • Rotational hazard • Wrenches • Pinching hazard • Leveling jacks • Crushing hazard • Settling pit • Slips/trips/falls hazard Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  46. Cable Tool • The drill bit is lifted and dropped to loosen the material in the borehole • Cuttings are produced by repeated lifting and dropping of the drill bit Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  47. Cable Tool – Key Parts • Raises, lowers, and spins the drill bit Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  48. Cable Tool – Key Parts • Includes swivel socket, drill stem, and bit Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  49. Cable Tool – Key Parts • Provides up / down motion of drilling cable and tool string Ivy Station, Culver City, California

  50. Cable Tool – Key Parts • Powers the rig Ivy Station, Culver City, California

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