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Land Use Transportation and Health

Learn about the impact of land use, transportation, and health on adult obesity rates from 1989 to 2003. Discover the importance of physical activity, modifiable behaviors, and community design in reducing obesity-related risks and diseases. Explore the differences in mode split between Europe and North America, and ways to create active community environments through street designs and development patterns that encourage walking and biking.

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Land Use Transportation and Health

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  1. Land Use Transportation and Health

  2. Adult obesity: 1989 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  3. Adult obesity: 1991 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  4. Adult obesity: 1992 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  5. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% Adult obesity: 1993 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  6. Adult obesity: 1994 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  7. Adult obesity: 1995 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  8. Adult obesity: 1996 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  9. Adult obesity: 1997 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  10. Adult obesity: 1998 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  11. Adult obesity: 1999 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  12. Adult obesity: 2000 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20% (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

  13. Why does obesity matter? Obesity and Disease Risk:  Obesity =  Diabetes  High Blood Pressure  Heart Disease  Stroke  Arthritis  Asthma  Some cancers

  14. Modifiable Behaviors Associated with Deaths, US, 1990 Three hundred thousand!

  15. How much physical activity do we need each day to stay healthy? • 30 minutes physical activity (cumulative) • moderate level/most days • Result: significant health benefits Surgeon General’s Recommendation

  16. Who says community design matters? The Centers for Disease Control “Changes in the community environment to promote physical activity may offer the most practical approach to prevent obesity or reduce its co-morbidities. Restoration of physical activity as part of the daily routine represents a critical goal.” Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC

  17. Why Walking and Bicycling? “Automobile trips that can be safely replaced by walking or bicycling offer the first target for increased physical activity in communities.” Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC

  18. What about children going to school? • Only 31% of trips under 1 mile are by walking • Only 2% of trips under 2 miles are by bicycling

  19. What is needed for healthy change? Changes in individual behavior Proactive encouragement by health care providers Community designs that make walking & biking safe, easy & enjoyable!

  20. How do we create Active Community Environments? Street designs that improve pedestrian & bicycle convenience, comfort & safety Development patterns that improve the walking & biking environment

  21. Or? Which design encourages more activity? Community design patterns matter

  22. Land Use and Transportation Choices

  23. Auto Transit Walk Bicycle 100 Mode Split Comparison:Europe and North America 80 60 40 20 0 Netherlands Sweden France Canada Germany (western) Germany (eastern) Italy U.S.A. data 1990 or later Denmark Switzerland Austria England & Wales

  24. Smaller population than Portland Larger population than Portland Auto Walk Transit Bicycle 100% Mode Split in Selected German Citiescompared to Portland by Population 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Munich Essen Dusseldorf Hannover Nuremberg Kassel Cologne Stuttgart Bremen PORTLAND Meunster Freiberg

  25. Percentage 80% 60% 40% 40% 29% 26% 40% 7% 20% 0% 0-1.5 1.5-3 3-4.5 >4.5 All Trips Distance (miles) Transit Walk Auto Bicycle Mode Split in the Netherlandsby Trip Distance Source: Statistics Netherlands, National Travel Survey, 1996

  26. 50% of people over 75 walk or bike Travel Choices by Adults:Netherlands, Germany, USA 100% Private Car Public Transport Bicycle 80% Walk 60% 40% 20% 0% 18-24 25-39 40-64 65-74 75+ 18-44 45-64 65-74 75+ 16-24 25-39 40-64 65+ The Netherlands Germany USA

  27. Developing the Bikeway Network 1973

  28. Developing the Bikeway Network 1983

  29. Developing the Bikeway Network 1993

  30. Developing the Bikeway Network 1998

  31. Developing the Bikeway Network 2003

  32. 1992: 83 miles of bikeways 2,850 daily trips 2002: 238 miles of bikeways 8,250 daily trips Increasing Bicycle Use in Portland Cyclists Per Day Bikeway Miles Miles of Bikeways 8,000 Bridge Bicycle Traffic 250 6,000 200 150 4,000 100 2,000 50 0 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year

  33. Development patterns can improve the walking & bicycling environment • Mix of land uses • Site design • Interconnected streets • Human-scale design

  34. Mixed land use: schools, shops, parks close by To which store are you more likely to walk?

  35. Site design: getting to buildings on foot or by bike How do you get there from here?

  36. Site design: getting to buildings or parking a bike

  37. Human-scale design: create inviting & memorable places

  38. Human-scale design: create inviting & memorable places

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