Child Care

1. Child Care Teen Living Skills Unit 6 Oklahoma FACS Re-done

2. What Do Kids Need? “It takes a village to raise a child.” - African Proverb • Nurture – to help grow and develop; to provide support.

3. What Do Kids Need? For children, basic needs include: • Clothing • Exercise • Food • Hygiene • Medical care • Safety • Shelter • Sleep • Nurture

4. Developmental tasks and growth patterns of children. A. Appropriate activities help children develop properly. 1. Reading books aloud or asking children to explain a picture (intellectual growth) 2. Using positive reinforcement (emotional growth) 3. Exercises or active games (physical growth)

5. Infants Infants • Infants like to touch, suck, hear, and watch. • They put things in their mouths. • At about 3 months, they taste everything so watch out for small objects. If it can fit through the cardboard tube of tissue paper, it is too small

6. Infants cont. • Infants have a short attention span, so change toys frequently. • Infants sit up at about 5 months. Prop the child up and gently roll a soft ball. • Talk to the infant a lot. It helps language development and helps him/her feel secure. What about baby talk???

7. Toddlers C. Toddlers 1. It is normal for children learning to move about to want to explore. 2. These children like to run around and walk. 3. Toddlers need time for active play to work off energy and lose restlessness.

8. Toddlers cont. • They have a short attention span, so change games often. • Aid language development by talking to the child using words that are acceptable and correct. • It is normal for toddlers to be aggressive when playing with other children. Correct behavior gently. For every (-) you need 3 (+) to rebuild self e

9. Todders cont. • Toddlers are compelled to explore and touch new objects. • Many toddlers are climbers; watch out! • Child-proof the environment.

10. Preschoolers Preschoolers • They want you to “watch me!” • Preschoolers are active, but tire easily and may need a nap. • They like to take walks and talk about what they see. • They have great imaginations. • They like to wear someone else’s clothing to play dress-up.

11. Preschoolers cont. • They love books and stories and like to pretend they are reading. • Some may have imaginary friends. • They are very self-centered and can’t understand the feelings of others without thinking of themselves first.

12. How loving care promotes grown and development. • The child is happier • Studies prove that holding, cuddling and talking to an infant are necessary. • The child is more secure. • The child will have good self-esteem and be emotionally healthier.

13. How loving care promotes grown and development cont. Care-givers can show their love by: • telling children they are loved, • spending time with them, • making them feel worthwhile, • respecting their feelings, and • never belittling them.

14. How loving care promotes grown and development cont Like the poem by Dorothy Law Nolte says, “If a child lives with criticism, he learns to condemn… If a child lives with praise, he learns to be appreciative.”

15. Worksheets • Positive Guidance • Caring For Children In A Positive Way • Loving Care (Not Words That Hurt) • Limited Choices

16. Feeding Children Feeding babies and small children. 1.Never give hard foods such as nuts, hard candy or popcorn or large pieces of meat (including hot dogs) 1because they may cause choking • Give nutritious snacks, ex: fruits, juices, cheese, or milk. • Some foods can choke children

17. Feeding Children 4. Keep meals simple. Foods mixed together are often rejected. 5. Be patient with slow eaters. 6. Do not force-feed 7. Be aware that some children have food allergies. 8. Always check with parents to see what the kids are to eat and then tell parents what the child actually ate.

18. Preparing Bottles • Check the formula temperature by shaking a drop of formula inside the caregiver’s wrist to make sure it isn’t too hot. • Never warm a bottle in the microwave. • Warm the bottle under running warm water or in a pan of hot water.

19. Bottle Feeding • Never let an infant take a bottle in bed, as it increases the chance for an ear infection and can damage teeth growing inside their gums. • Hold baby when giving the bottle. • Burp the baby after giving half of the bottle and again when finished.

20. Older Infants • May eat baby cereal or baby food • Will be messy • Protect child’s clothes and yours • Child will play with and eat food - It is normal

21. Toddlers DO NOT GIVE: Hot dogs Raw Carrots Peanuts Popcorn Hard Candy Grapes Bread Peanut Butter DO NOT TICKLE OR GET CHILD EXCITED WHILE EATING

22. Preschoolers • Simple foods: • Milk Peanut Butter • Cheese Fresh or Dried Fruit • Crackers Vegetable Sticks • Stay away from foods high in fat and sugar. • Check with parents about food allergies, special diets, or other restrictions.

23. Activity & Worksheets • Practice feeding • Personal Attitudes Toward Children • (How Does It Feel to be a Small Child?) • Nutritious vs Non-Nutritious • Nutritious Meals & Snacks

24. Clothing & Exercise • Clothing • Make sure the clothing worn by the child is appropriate for the weather and the activity. • Exercise • Children should get exercise and be physically active each day. • Limit exercise and activity before bedtime as it can keep the child from being able to sleep.

25. Hygiene/ Bathing • Hygiene • Children need a bath daily. • Never leave young children alone in a bathtub with water as they could turn on the hot water or drown in the water.

26. Bathing • Bathe the child only if parents/care-givers tell you to do so. • Do not make the water too deep or too hot. Check temp with your elbow • Do not let the child turn the water on accidentally. Worksheet – Poor Dirty Harry

27. Bedtime • Find out the child’s nightly routine and follow itso the child will get to sleep easier. • Play quietly or read stories just before bedtime. • Check every 30 minutes after child goes to sleep.

28. Bedtime cont. • Stay with child or leave a light on if child is afraid or lonesome. • Patting or rubbing a child’s back can be soothing and help them fall asleep.

29. Crying Crying can be: • Expected from babies. • Caused by discomfort ( needing burped, dirty or wet diaper, hunger, too hot, too cold, or tired.) • Because some babies must cry to get to sleep.

30. Crying cont. • Due to pain such as gas, earache, an open diaper pin or diaper tape on skin. • Because they are lonesome • A clue that something is wrong. Be kind; cuddle and comfort.

31. Correcting Behavior • Distract them with a toy or activity. The word “Look!” can help. • Ask parents how they want you to correct behavior. • Never strike a child, even if the parents say so.

32. Correcting Behavior • “Time outs” (1 minute for every year of age). Used to regroup then things are out of control; not a punishment. • Supervise closely, read to them, play with them; most children are happy with attention.

33. 5 Magic Tricksfor misbehavior • Distraction • Give choices • Make a game • When…Then • Take a Break/Start Over

34. Medical Care • Medical care • Only give medication if instructed to do so. • Ask parent to write down medication, the correct dosage, the time to give it, as well as food/drink requirements that are needed with the medicine.

35. Safety - Poisons • Common poisons: • Insecticides • Cleaning supplies • Drugs such as aspirin & vitamin pills • Plants – see picture from teacher notebook on camera

36. Poisoning Symptoms • Choking, coughing, stomach pain, or dizziness • Unconsciousness or difficulty breathing • Vomiting • Skin rashes or burns • Call 911 or poison control center

37. Poison Control Centers • Special hospital units that advise and treat poison victims. They do NOT come to the home. • Info Needed • Child’s age and weight • What was swallowed • How much and how long ago • Symptoms

38. Safe Toys • Be sure to ask yourself: • Is it durable? • Is it too large to swallow? • Is it free of sharp edges? • Is it free of loose parts? • Is it in working condition? • Is it age appropriate?

39. Toy Safety • Make sure they are . . . • Clean • Unbreakable • Too large to swallow • Free of sharp edges • No small parts to swallow

40. Toy Don’ts • Loud sounding toys frighten and damage hearing. • Toys with long stings or cords can cause choking. • Never hang toys with long strings, cords, loops or ribbons in cribs or playpens. • Do not play with broken toys. • Do not bike or rollerblade without safety equipment.

41. Precautions “In 2003, 64% of toy-related deaths were due to choking.” - Safe Kids Worldwide • Childproof– to make something free of hazards to a child.

42. Precautions Some things you can do to help avoid accidents include: • Keep toys and other objects picked up from halls, stairways, and pathways. • Make sure the toys are age appropriate – no buttons, small wheels etc that infants can swallow • Never leave children unattended, especially in or near water.

43. Precautions • Buckle child into a highchair or car seat or carrier. • Childproof the home. • Pad sharp corners • Outlet covers • Use safety gates in appropriate places, such as stairs, space heaters, kitchens, furnaces, etc. • Door and drawer locks • Keep plastic bags away from children • Keep marches, lighters, and household products out of the reach of children.

44. Outdoor Safety • Supervise young children wherever they go. Playgrounds– should have a soft surface, like shredded tires under equipment Streets and roads– never let children play in streets. Make sure older children know how to safely cross streets Remind children of bicycle safety rules – wear helmets Wading and Swimming pools– Watch closely when wading or swimming Keep Children’s Shoes On

45. Be Careful! Children’s ages 4 and under have a drowning death rate more than three times greater than any other age groups and account for 80% of home drownings.

46. Oh No! What Do I Do Now? “57% of injuries that occur on public playground involved climbing equipment, while 66% of injuries that occur on home playgrounds involve swings.” - Safe Kids Worldwide

47. Oh No! What Do I Do Now? • Reassure – to give extra confidence through words. • Assess– to check out or evaluate the situation.

48. Oh No! What Do I Do Now? In case of an accident: • Be calm. • Reassure or comfort the child. • Assess the situation • For little burns or bumps, apply cold water not ice • For small cuts or scrapes, wash gently with soap and water. Apply first aid cream and a bandage. • Notify the proper individuals. • For serious injuries or animal bites

49. Keep yourself safe. • Lock doors when you are outside or inside the house. • Never tell a phone caller the parents/care-givers are not at home. Say they are busy . Ask caller to leave a number so the call can be returned later. • Report obscene or threatening calls. • Never allow a stranger in the house, even if he/she shows you identification or insist.

50. Keep yourself safe. • Do not be afraid to call the police if you think there is a prowler. • Learn emergency procedures in case of a storm or fire. • Avoid any situations that could start a fire. • Never allow an intoxicated person to drive you home. Call your parents or caregivers.