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Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

Morning After The Night Before Is the future what it used to be? For pre-viewing … [ Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..]. Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK p.burnhill@ed.ac.uk.

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Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

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  1. Morning After The Night BeforeIs the future what it used to be?For pre-viewing … [Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..] Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK p.burnhill@ed.ac.uk

  2. Role in scholarly communication … EDINA’s mission: to enhance productivity in research, learning and teaching In mid-90s, we planned a future, based on host to key A&I Databases: • Art Abstracts, Art Retro Index, PAIS, MLA, EconLit , Palmer’s Index to Times • Agdex, BIOSIS, CAB-Agriculture, CSA Environment, Land, Life & Leisure • Ei Compendex, INSPEC • Served most of UK academic market for those • But ‘Content Gold Rush’ as rights holders took back licences • Stampede for retail frontage with links to full text and other portals

  3. Re-making role … • From Discovery to Delivery [project activity with Mimas: Copac & Zetoc] • Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials • National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use • Investigating analysis of usage data / e-journals register [see PEPRS below] • Open Access; Access Management • The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility • Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money) • Pioneered use of Shibboleth for JISC and developed pilot federation (SDSS) • Technical (metadata) support for UK Access Management Federation (with JANET) • JISC Expert Group on Identity & Access Management • Continuing access and preservation of journal content • Access Host for CLOCKSS, with U of Edinburgh as Archive Node • Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative • Piloting an e-journals preservation registry (PEPRS), with ISSN-IC • Post-cancellation access via NESLi2 (PeCAN), with JISC Collections having also diversified into GeoSpatial (GoGeo) and Multimedia (VSM Portal) ‘resources’; and support for JISC with e-learning/OER • Jorum for learning and teaching materials (long term partner with Mimas)

  4. A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read article is the ‘information object of desire’ Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article Reader

  5. Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals) Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  6. Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals) Publisher article serial issue Licence Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ Library (serial) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  7. Value-add £ services Scholarly Communication(Access to article–length work) Forma£ E conomy Licensed Online Access Publisher article serial issue ILL/docdel Licence Institutional arrangement Library (serial) Reader (article)

  8. Cloud Activity: (1) An Ever-present Cloud of Peers Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Licensed Online Access peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society ILL/docdel Licence peer exchange Institutional arrangement Library Reader (article) ‘invisible college’

  9. Peer-to-Peer Communication Forma£ E conomy Author (article) peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society Licence peer exchange Institutional arrangement Library (serial) Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  10. Scholarly Communication Forma£ Economy Author (article) Licensed Online Access repositories peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society ILL/docdel Licence ‘Open Access’ peer exchange Institutional arrangement ££ E-prints free2web access Library (serial) repositories Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  11. repositories E-prints free2web access repositories Shared Challenge about Assured and Continuing Access Long term digital preservation Forma£ Economy Continuity of access Author (article) E-prints Licensed Online Access peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society ILL/docdel Licence peer exchange Institutional arrangement Library (serial) Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  12. Forecasting change for the traditional model? Author (article) • * All is Licensed, whether for: • Open Access • Privileged of Membership Access • Payment of Cash Access Publisher article serial issue Licence* Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  13. (2) Peer2Peer Pressure Cloud Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence learned society Institutional arrangement peer review Library (serial) peer exchange free2web access Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  14. (3) Cumulus Web Formation, will come to dominate Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence Institutional arrangement Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis Library (serial) free2web access Role of Institutional Repositories? peer exchange Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  15. Value-add £ services (4) The Challenge in forecasting futures Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence Publisher engagement Role of learned society? Library (serial) Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis free2web access Role of Institutional Repositories? Institutional arrangement Open peer review? peer exchange Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

  16. What network-level choice? For (resource) discovery? • Does Internet mean Google [full product range], Science Direct [and equivalent commercial offerings]? • What is the contribution at the national level? • For journal content and other literature? • For other resources, eg geo-spatial, learning materials, etc For (resource) locate, request and access? • Some resources are ‘open’, others require authorisation: do we plan structure for both? • Delivery of product and services ‘at the network level’ • Delivering service (collecting revenue - directly or indirectly) at the nation state, consortium or institutional level?

  17. Scholarly Communication(Focus on formal (£) economy for licensed online access to article–length work published in journals) Publisher article serial issue [licensed] access to article online ScienceDirect, Scopus, etc GoogleScholar Licence =authorisation serial issue article Library (serial) Serials managers OPAC A&I ‘discover’ LibPortal OpenURL Resolver authenticationUKAMFed Shibboleth/Athens ‘locate/access’ ‘request’ Reader (article)

  18. Scholarly Communication(Institutional & JISC Components) Publisher article serial issue Forma£ economy serial issue article NESLi2 A&I Licence=authorisation eg WoK, CABI OPACs Serials managers eg JSTOR IoPArchive Library (serial) LibPortal OpenURL Resolver authentication ‘discover’ licensed access to article online ‘request’ Reader (article) ‘locate/access’ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  19. Scholarly Communication [historical] (Four projects funded by the JISC as ‘JOIN-UP’: with focus access to article–length work published in journals) Forma£ economy serial issue article A&I Licence zetoc Xgrain: GetRef Library (serial) Docusend: non-BL docdel ‘discover’ licensed access to article Zblsa: GetCopy ‘locate’ Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  20. Scholarly Communication (Historical: JOIN-UP Project Outcomes) serial issue article A&I Licence zetoc LibPortal GetRef for articles in Institutional &Subject Portals GetRef Library (serial) Open URL resolver m2m GetCopy National OpenURL Router ‘discover’ licensed access to article Reader (article) ‘locate’ OpenURL Resolvers:‘appropriate copy’ national OpenURL router: ‘appropriate resolver’

  21. Scholarly Communication(JISC/RSLP establishes SUNCAT as UK serials union catalogue) Publisher article serial issue serial issue article ISSN Register DOAJ CONSER • Locate & discover serials held in UK other than in local OPAC • Upgrade OPACs have good bib. records Licence SUNCAT70 largest libraries 2 3. metadata on electronic access subscriptions/dealsNISO/Onix/DLF(ERMI) OPACs UK research libraries (national, university & specialist) ‘discover’ Serials managers licensed access to article ‘locate’ Reader (article/serial) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

  22. Scholarly Communication(Bringing JISC-funded components together with bought-in 3rd party products) DOAJ ETOCs A&I ISSN Register zetoc GetRef OPACs ‘discover’ authentication ‘locate’ m2m ‘request’ GetCopy National OpenURL Router serial issue article Licence SUNCAT Serials managers Library (serial) Open URL resolver licensed access to article Reader (article) ‘access’

  23. Scholarly Communication: inter-working; use of what others provide; what is missing: Journals Portal? Xref Publisher article serial issue peer review learned society serial issue article Onix DOAJ A&I Licence ISSN Register zetoc ETOCs SUNCAT Copac, WorldCat, Other Catalogues CONSER Serials managers OPACs Library (serial) VLE Open URL resolver GetRef CLOCKSS LibPortal ‘discover’ Inst. Repos. ‘locate’ Intute Search licensed access to article ‘open access’ to article IRs OpenDOAR Reader (article) M as new Reader the Depot GoogleScholar/Facebook/spaces

  24. what visions have others had?

  25. 1) a comprehensive electronic journal system • “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of .. scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components” • word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … • telecommunications infrastructure is already available … • “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, • [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from publishers. • it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers. Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit. • “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years, • a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be … Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”

  26. 1) a comprehensive electronic journal system [1978] • “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of … scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components” • word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … • telecommunications infrastructure is already available … • “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, • [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from publishers. • it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers. Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit. • “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years, • a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be … Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form” • “some at NSF were disappointed because other studies forecast much quicker implementation” Donald King:study in 1978, published in 1981, reviewed in 1983 ‘Scientific journals in the United States: Their production, use and economics’, King, McDonald and Roderer, 1981 Out of Print.Review by C. Lee Jones, Bull. Med. Lib. Assoc. 71(4) 1983; available http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov)

  27. 2) Pricing model for the future “… goal is to give people access to as much information as possible …. “… experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation”

  28. 2) Pricing model [projected] for the future [2000] “Elsevier’s goal is to give people access to as much information as possible on a flat fee, unlimited use basis. “Elsevier’s experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation” Karen Hunter, Elsevier, March 2000 PEAK 2000 Conference ‘Brings Librarians, Publishers, Economists Together’ • a path breaking conference at University of Michigan, looking at Traditional Subscription vs Bundled vs Per Article • Now published, 8 years later • as ‘Economics and usage of digital libraries: byting the bullet’, Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason and Wendy Pradt Lougee (eds). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan University Library, Scholarly Publishing Office 2008 • But could have been found & read during past 8 years on Internet/Web • anytime, anyplace at www.si.umich.edu/PEAK-2000

  29. This takes us back to an earlier JISC Vision about access Based on privilege of membership, not payment of money • Library Card (Shibboleth) not Visa Card • End users respond to different price-effort models; if not money then effort. King & Tenopir • But will credit crunch mean cancellations and end of Big Deal? Just another way of saying “free at the point of use” • walk-in libraries; the development of JISC and its services • ‘Digital library developments - a realistic future?’, Lyn Brindley & Derek Law, 1997, INSPEL, 31 (4) pp 195-203 • also available at http://en.scientificcommons.org/38270314

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