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Environmental Occurrence POPs in Environmental and Human samples. Takeshi NAKANO. ( Hyogo Pref. Inst. of Env. Sci.). ntakeshi @ elis.pref.hyogo.jp. 23478- PeCDF. 2378- TCDD. 75. 135. 75. 209. 123567- HxCN. 3453’4’- Co-PCB. PCB issue in Japan. PCB in Japan ca 60,000t.
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Environmental Occurrence POPs in Environmental and Human samples Takeshi NAKANO (Hyogo Pref. Inst. of Env. Sci.) ntakeshi@elis.pref.hyogo.jp
23478-PeCDF 2378-TCDD 75 135 75 209 123567-HxCN 3453’4’-Co-PCB
PCB issue in Japan
PCB in Japan ca 60,000t National Project in 1985-1989 Decomposition in Takasago, Hyogo pref. Liquid-PCB 5,500t 90% of PCB still remain in Environment
TEQ Level of technical PCB
PCB concentration and TEQ value KC300 KC400 KC500 KC600 0.7x10-5 2x10-5 6x10-5 3x10-5 pg-TEQ/g 0.7x107 2 x107 6 x107 3 x107
90% of PCB still remain in Environment PCB • Transformer (Japan Railway, Power company ) • Carbon free Paper(Non Carbon Paper) • Sealant PCB (old building during 1968-72) • Fluorescent lamp stabilizer (old type) • etc
PCB Homologue Distribution and Source Estimation
Source estimation KC300 KC500 Insulator N.C.P. capacitor Sediment A Sediment B KC400 KC600 Ship paint Insulator capacitor
Isomer distribution and Source estimation Sediment A Water A KC300
Isomer distribution and Source estimation KC400 KC500 KC600
PCB contamination in Sea sediment
Thermal 熱安定性 PCBは汚染拡散の重要な指標 PCB: important index for Pollutant dispersion 化学的 chemical 環境中で分解しない。:難分解性 Stable in environment : persistent 生物学的 biological 使用期間10~20年の環境負荷 Environmental loading : 10-20 years 209 congeners : much information 異性体 209 : 情報量が多い 海域底質中PCBの鉛直分布 Vertical distribution of PCB in sediment core PCB汚染の時間的・経年変化 Historical trend of PCB pollution 海域底質中PCBの水平分布 Horizontal distribution of PCB in sediment PCB汚染の空間的移動 Spatial migration of PCB
Vertical distribution of PCB in sea sediment
Production of N.C.P PCB concentration Sediment core Annual production Annual production and Vertical distribution in sediment
Horizontal distribution of PCB in sea sediment
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment 播磨灘 Harima nada 大阪湾 Osaka Bay Independent area western and eastern part スープ皿のような地形 東半分:陸、西半分:海 like a soup dish Sea bottom and water depth 海底の地形・水深
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment Channel : fast stream sand silt silt sand Central part: slow stream Particle size in sea sediment
海域底質の粒度分布を考慮しない場合 Before normalization by particle size distribution coast High Inmost part High Low channel High 濃度の単調減少 Harima nada Low 鳴門 Osaka Bay Central part : High Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
海域底質の粒度分布を考慮した場合 After normalization by particle size distribution Constant flow map and PCB distribution 恒流図と濃度分布 粒径・微細粒子・比表面積で規格化 海域底質中PCBの水平分布 Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment 海域底質の水平分布 神戸港周辺 Around Kobe port Osaka bay 大阪湾 PCB濃度の距離減衰 PCB concentration and Distance from source
PCB congener profile in Environmental and Human samples
HW1013+KC3-600 357936 Intensity 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 Retention Time (min) Isomer distribution(TeCB) PCB product sediment 01Sed-55 68784 Intensity 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 Retention Time (min) seawater Portisland7/19-6L 20656 Intensity 1000 14 15 16 17 18 19 human milk MM-44 14512 Intensity 952 14 15 16 17 18 19 adipose tissue o-neck-fat 41200 Intensity 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 #74(2,4,4',5-)
HW1013+KC3-600 122592 Intensity 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Retention Time (min) Isomer distribution (PeCB) PCB product sediment 01Sed-55 33272 Intensity 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Retention Time (min) seawater Portisland7/19-6L 8520 Intensity 984 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 human milk MM-44 22336 Intensity 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 adipose tissue o-neck-fat 19448 Intensity 992 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 #118(2,3’,4,4',5-) #99(2,2’,4,4',5-)
HW1013+KC3-600 124328 Intensity 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Retention Time (min) 01Sed-55 32392 Intensity 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Retention Time (min) Isomer distribution (HxCB) PCB product sediment seawater Portisland7/19-6L 5128 Intensity 992 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 human milk MM-44 47792 Intensity 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 adipose tissue o-neck-fat 162432 Intensity 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 #153(2,2',4,4',5,5'-) #138(2,2',3,4,4',5'-)
HW1013+KC3-600 74056 Intensity 0 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 Retention Time (min) 01Sed-55 8744 Intensity 960 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 Retention Time (min) 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 Isomer distribution (HpCB) PCB product sediment seawater Portisland7/19-6L 2080 Intensity 984 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 human milk MM-44 16312 Intensity 944 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 Retention Time (min) adipose tissue o-neck-fat 42888 Intensity 0 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 Retention Time (min) #187 #180 #170
human milk/adipose tissue #153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-) #74 (2,4,4',5-) #138 (2,2',3,4,4',5'-) #99(2,2’,4,4',5-) #187 (2,2',3,4’,5,5’,6-) #118 (2,3’,4,4',5-)
CYP1A,CYP2A 4-OH CYP2B 3-OH
C l C l C l C l C l C l # 1 5 3 ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 2 ' , 4 ' , 5 ' ) PCB#153 代謝 ヒトラットハムスターサル イヌモルモット H O C l C l > C l C l C l C l > d o g ( C Y P 2 B 1 1 ) h u m a n ( C Y P 2 B 6 ) g u i n e a p i g ( C Y P 2 B 1 8 ) r a t , h a m s t e r
POPs in Human Breast Milk
POPs in Human Breast Milk ng/g-fat
PCBs in Human Breast Milk ng/g-fat
PCB in Water and Mussel
Polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) is well-known environmental pollutants. In Japan, approximately 58,000t of PCB was produced and imported from overseas by 1972 . Despite of the ban and restriction of PCB usage since 1972, 90% of total products has still been untreated. • PCB is transported in the environment(water, air, and ecosystem) in various forms.
Sampling Points Himeji Kako River Muko River Yodo River Akashi Port Island Nanko Hokutan Izumiotsu Yura Around Harima-nada and Osaka Bay, this investigation have been done once a month from May, 2001 to Aug, 2001
PCB productionWorld : 1,200,000t Japan : 59,000t Harima-nadaOsaka-Bay Japan Osaka 1962-1971 Hyogo Kinki 1962-1971
Level 10 ng/g-dry 100 ng/g-dry Harima-nada Osaka-Bay PCB in sea sediment
average Harima-nada Osaka-Bay Harima-nada Osaka-Bay 80 ng/g 5 ng/L 1 ng/L 35 ng/g-wet Sea Water Mussel The range of total PCBs concentration (May,2001~July,2001)
average Harima-nada Osaka-Bay Harima-nada Osaka-Bay 5 ng/g 2 ng/g-wet 0.06 ng/L 0.3 ng/L Sea Water Mussel The range of total co-PCBs concentration (May,2001~July,2001)
Sea Water Mussel Fig #11/ΣDiCBs in June, 2001
#180 #174 #170 KC300-600 Intensity Sea Water Mussel Isomer distribution (P7CB, Port Island in June,2001)
KC300-600 Intensity Sea Water Mussel #196#203 #195 #194 #199 #202 #201 Isomer distribution (O8CB, Port Island in June, 2001)
P2CB P3CB P4CB P5CB P6CB P7CB P8CB Sea Water Mussel Homologue Distribution in June,2001
PCB #11 New Source
#11 4,4‘-Diamino-3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl
PCN TEQ Level in Ambient Air
Atmospheric PCN (pg-TEQ/m3) in Japan (JEPA) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TEQ contribution of PCDD/PCDF/PCB/PCN in Ambient Air
Ambient air (pg-TEQ/m3) Ambient air (pg/m3) Total concentration TEQ concentration Atmospheric level of PCB/PCN/PCDD/PCDF