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Persian Wars

Discover the epic battles between Persians and Greeks, led by Darius and Xerxes, including key events like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Uncover the causes, major battles, and effects of this historic clash in 490-479 BCE.

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Persian Wars

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  1. Persian Wars 490BCE- 479 BCE

  2. Who Fought? • The Persians Fought against the Greeks • Persia was ruled by Darius and Xerxes • Greeks- Athenians, Spartans, Ionians

  3. Persians VS Greeks

  4. What caused the Persian War? • Persia controlled Ionia but Greekswere already living there. • in 499BCE when Persian King Darius raised taxes, the Ionian Greeks got mad and revolted • Athens backed them up • Persians crushed the revolts

  5. Causes • Darius wanted revenge on Athenians for helping so attacked mainland Greece.

  6. Major Battles 1. Battle at Eretria– City north of Athens was burned by the Persians • Angered Athens asks Sparta for help

  7. Major Battles 2. Battle of Marathon: Sparta and Athens work together • Persia- 25,000 soldiers • Greeks- 10,000 soldiers • Phalanx battle formation gave the Greeks the victory • 6,400 Persians died • 192 Greeks died

  8. Phalanx Formation

  9. Pheidippides • Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26 miles • Told them of the victory • Died after giving the news * This is why marathons are now 26 miles!

  10. 10 years later Xerxes, son of Darius vowed revenge. Brought between 100,000-300,000 troops through a narrow mountain pass Part 2: Persian War

  11. Battle at Thermopylae • 3,300 Greeks led by the Spartans held them off at a narrow pass in Thermopylae. • A traitor told Persians of another way around • Many Greeks retreat but 300 Spartans stood strong. • They all died

  12. Battle at Salamis • Athens is evacuated and fought at sea. • Athenians had a powerful navy • Greeks fought with new ships called Trireme. • Triremes punchedholes in Persian ships and sink a third of the ships.

  13. Trireme

  14. Battle of Plataea • While Athens crushed the Persians at Sea, Spartans were on the plain of Plataea and crushes the rest of the Persianarmy • Xerxes retreats

  15. Battle Summary:Greeks 3 – Persians 3

  16. Effects of the Persian Wars • Greece victory creates a sense of unity • Athens had control of what was left of Greece through leadership of the DelianLeague. • Delian League- an agreement that the remaining Greek city states would help each other

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