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Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury. Definitions. Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury Acquired Brain Injury Head Injury Open Head Injury Closed Head Injury. Causes & Population Characteristics. Young, male MVA, Falls, Sports, Assaults, Other. Anatomy & Physiology. Mechanisms of Brain Injury.

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Traumatic Brain Injury

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  1. Traumatic Brain Injury

  2. Definitions • Brain Injury • Traumatic Brain Injury • Acquired Brain Injury • Head Injury • Open Head Injury • Closed Head Injury

  3. Causes & Population Characteristics • Young, male • MVA, Falls, Sports, Assaults, Other

  4. Anatomy & Physiology

  5. Mechanisms of Brain Injury • Coup-Contrecoup • Rotational Forces • Shearing/Diffuse Axonal Injury • Hematoma • Increased Intracranial Pressure • Anoxia • Seizures

  6. Glasgow Coma Scale • Eye Opening • Best Verbal Response • Best Motor Response

  7. Coma and Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

  8. Physical Problems • Headaches • Seizures • Decreased Muscle Strength & Coordination • Spasticity • Contractures • Balance

  9. Physical Problems Continued • Vision, Speech, Hearing, Smell, Taste Impairments • Sleep Impairment & Fatigue

  10. Cognitive Impairments • Memory • Initiation • Overstimulation • Perceptual Dysfunction • Processing Deficits • Attention & Concentration • Communication Deficits • Comprehension

  11. Cognitive Impairments Continued • Planning & Problem Solving • Organization & Sequencing • Impulsivity • Judgement

  12. Behavior Disorders • Low frustration Tolerance • Emotional Lability • Agitation • Aggression • Self-centeredness • Difficulty in interpersonal interactions • Anosagnosia • Depression

  13. Behavior Disorders Continued • Substance Abuse • Hypersexuality & Hyposexuality

  14. Rancho Los Amigos Levels • Level 1 - No response • Level 2 - Generalized Response • Level 3 - Localized Response • Level 4 - Confused and Agitated • Level 5 - Confused, inappropriate but not agitated • Level 6 - Confused but appropriate • Level 7 - Automatic, appropriate • Level 8 - Purposeful and Appropriate

  15. Rehabilitation • Case Manager • Physiatrist • Rehabilitation Nurse • Psychologist/Neuropsychologist • Physical Therapist • Occupational Therapist • Speech Therapist • Recreation Therapist

  16. Rehabilitation Continued • Rehabilitation Counselor • Others e.g. Nutritionist, Neuro- ophthalmologist, etc.

  17. Brain Injury Association, Inc. • biausa.org

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