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Simple Machines

Learn about levers, inclined planes, and pulleys to understand how simple machines multiply effort force and change force direction, with insights from Archimedes. Discover mechanical advantage, ideal mechanical advantage, types of levers, and pulley systems efficiency.

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines PhysicsMrs. Coyle

  2. What are some simple machines? • Lever • Incline Plane • Pulley

  3. Simple Machines • Multiply the effort force (allows you to use a smaller effort force to raise a heavier object). • Change the direction of the force. • Do not reduce the work input.

  4. Archimedes: ”GIVE ME A PLACE TO STAND AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH” http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Lever/leverBigCorners.gif

  5. Lever

  6. Mechanical Advantage MA= Output Force(Weight of Object) Input Force (Effort) • MA shows how much you are multiplying your effort force.

  7. What is the trade off? • What happens to the effort distance, when a machine multiplies the effort force? • Answer: Effort distance increases

  8. Ideal Mechanical Advantage • IMA= Effort Distance (din ) Output Distance (dout ) • IMA is equal to MA in the absence of friction (ideal case).

  9. IMA for a Lever • IMA= Effort Distance = Effort Arm Output Distance Load Arm

  10. Problem What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the lever shown? IMA=3 Load Fulcrum Effort

  11. Lever • http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/lever.htm

  12. Types of Levers • Type1 • Type 2 • Type 3

  13. Incline Plane

  14. dOUT dIN http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/simple_machines/Inclined_plane.gif

  15. Problem: Which has a greater IMA? A B

  16. Problem: Find the IMA. 10m 5m

  17. Pulleys

  18. Pulleys

  19. Single Fixed Pulley Ideally: Win=Wout Findin= Foutdout IMA= din /dout =1

  20. Single Moveable Pulley IMA= 2

  21. Combination of Fixed and Moveable Pulleys IMA= 2

  22. IMA for Pulleys • The IMA of pulleys can quickly be found by counting the number of lifting strands.

  23. Question What is the IMA of the following pulleys?

  24. Efficiency • Efficiency indicates the percentage of the input work that was converted to useful work and not lost to friction. • % eff = (Wout / Win) x 100 % • % eff = (MA / IMA) x 100 %

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