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Interviewing

Interviewing. Obtaining information. Interviews are one of the main sources we have to obtain information, which is the raw material a journalist works with. Other sources – documents, observation. These other sources also often require interviews to produce a complete story. Preparation.

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Interviewing

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  1. Interviewing

  2. Obtaining information • Interviews are one of the main sources we have to obtain information, which is the raw material a journalist works with. • Other sources – documents, observation. These other sources also often require interviews to produce a complete story.

  3. Preparation • Research the topic or person so you have some familiarity and background. Helps you ask better questions and shows respect for your source. • You won’t waste time asking about things that are widely known. • Easier to ask productive, interesting questions. • You won’t embarrass yourself by appearing ignorant.

  4. Preparation, cont. • More likely to recognize when source says something interesting/newsworthy. • Less likely to have to go back and re-interview. • Some sources try to manipulate reporters or avoid difficult topics. Research can help a reporter avoid that.

  5. Where? • In-person is best. Seeing you helps put source at ease, and you can notice things – gestures, etc. • More natural way of conversing. • In-person is even more important if the source doesn’t deal with the media very often. Can calm the source’s nerves.

  6. Phone and email • Phone OK if you have to, or if it’s a source you commonly talk to on your beat. • Email interview only as a last, worst resort.

  7. Who? • Best possible source for the story you are working on. • Looking for a source with knowledge, expertise and insight relevant to your story. • Actual person working on a project is better than a PR rep.

  8. What to ask • Interviewers should have a tentative central point in mind as they plan a story – the “what.” • Once you figure that out, and have done your background research, think about what you need to find out from the source.

  9. What to ask, cont. • Jot down a few questions. Don’t think of those as a script, though. • LISTEN to the answers and ask other questions accordingly. Your story may change. • Save difficult or potentially embarrassing questions for the end of the interview.

  10. Conducting the interview • Conversational approach. • Small talk at the start to put the source at ease. • LISTEN. Very important. • Sources don’t like to be badgered/pushed. Hostile source? Try to find out why.

  11. Conducting the interview, cont. • Keep interview on track. • Don’t ever deceive source about purpose of interview. It’s unethical. • At the end, ask if there’s anything they have to add or you may have forgotten to ask about.

  12. Playing dumb • Of course, you’ve done your research. • But sometimes it helps to “play dumb.” Have the person explain something to you in their own words. • Can be helpful in explaining to readers. • Maybe you didn’t understand? • Can put interviewee at ease … also shows you are interested in what they have to say

  13. Taking notes • Figure out a way to write quickly. Abbreviate? • People speak faster than you can write – focus on getting down important direct quotes, jot down other facts. • Ask a “throwaway” question if you have to. • Two pens.

  14. Taking notes, cont. • Email interviews – generally discouraged. Doesn’t allow for candid answers, can lead source to carefully script response and leave it lifeless. • Phone interview – if you are going to type your notes while doing a phone interview, tell the source. Can sound strange on the phone.

  15. Taking notes, one more • Voice recorders – good to use, but can fail. Still take notes. • Don’t over quote. • Make sure source knows they are being recorded. • Review your notes immediately when you get back to your office, while interview is fresh on your mind.

  16. How many sources? • Depends on the story, deadline pressure, expertise of sources, controversy of topic, complexity of topic. • As many as it takes to prepare a complete report. • No matter how many sources you talk to, you must evaluate the sources – are they credible? Are they knowledgeable? Do they have an ax to grind?

  17. Direct quotes • Use them when someone says something unique. • Or they say something in a unique way. • Important, significant information. • Can provide color and spice for a story. • Accuracy is quite important. If you aren’t sure you’ve got the quote down accurately, don’t use it.

  18. Listen • Did I mention listening? It’s very important when it comes to conducting interviews. • Pay attention. You aren’t sure what the source is going to say. What they say may change your approach/line of questioning.

  19. Questions?

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