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Understand op-amp saturation in the inverting mode and its impact on gain. Learn how increasing input voltage or gain can lead to op-amp saturation, limiting the output voltage.
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The Inverting Mode Op-Amp Rf R1 +Vs - + -Vs V1 Vo 0 V In theory, the gain of the op-amp is given by Rf÷ R1. This equation works well until the output voltage increases too much. We must remember that the op-amp has a power supply.
By increasing the input voltage, we find that the output voltage is limited. The op-amp cannot give out any more than about 85% of the voltage it is being supplied with (±15 V). We say that the op-amp saturates.
The gain equation works well on this part of the graph. Op-amp is saturated Op-amp is saturated
Saturation • The op-amp will saturate if the input voltage is increased too much or if the gain is increased too much.